Raman spectroscopy for monitoring drug-eluting medical devices
The present invention provides low-resolution Raman spectroscopic systems and methods for in situ monitoring of drug-eluting devices in a lumen of a subject. A preferred system can employ multi-mode radiation in making in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements of the lumen and/or device. For example, a system can include a light source such as a multi-mode laser, and a light detector to measure spectral patterns and differentiates spectral features of drugs released in a target region. Drug-release curves can be extrapolated or otherwise predicted using the Raman spectrum taken during or subsequent to device insertion and/or activation.
1 . A system for monitoring a drug-eluting device in using low-resolution Raman spectroscopy comprising:
a catheter having a first end and a second end with an excitation fiber extending therebetween, the excitation fiber suitable to transmit multi-mode radiation from the first end to the second end to irradiate a target region;
a multi-mode laser coupled to the first end of the excitation fiber, the laser generates multi-mode radiation for irradiating the target region to produce a Raman spectrum consisting of scattered electromagnetic radiation;
a low-resolution dispersion element positioned to receive and separate the scattered radiation into different wavelength components;
a detection array, optically aligned with the dispersion element for detecting at least some of the wavelength components of the scattered light; and
a processor for processing the data from the detector array to monitor a drug eluted from the medical device.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the target region is any of the group consisting of a device package, a device, and a lumen in a subject.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the catheter further comprises:
a light directing element optically coupled to the second end of the excitation fiber to direct the laser radiation from the excitation fiber to the target region.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the light directing element directs the laser radiation out a side of the catheter.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the system has a resolution of between approximately 1 cm −1 and approximately 40 cm −1 .
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the system has a resolution of approximately 15 cm −1 .
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a wavelength of approximately 785 nanometers.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the laser is a GaAs laser diode.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a power of between approximately 50 milliwatts and 1,500 milliwatts measured at the target.
10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a power of approximately 150 milliwatts measured at the target.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a line width of between approximately 1 nm and 10 nm.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a line width of at least 2 nm.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the detection array detects a spectral range between approximately 400 cm −1 and approximately 3,000 cm −1 .
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the wavelength components are separated by a resolution ranging from about 10 cm −1 to about 100 cm −1 .
15 . A method for detecting a drug-release curve indicating presence of a drug released from a drug-eluting device using low-resolution Raman spectroscopy comprising:
determining a Raman spectrum for a background of the drug-eluting device;
determining a Raman spectrum for a target in proximity of the drug-eluting device;
processing the target spectrum and the background spectrum to isolate the target spectrum from the background spectrum;
predicting a drug-release curve over a time period based on the processed spectrums.
16 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of determining a Raman spectrum for a target in proximity of the drug-eluting device comprises determining a Raman spectrum for any of the group consisting of device package, a device, and a lumen in a subject.
17 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a power of between approximately 50 milliwatts and 1,500 milliwatts measured at the target.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a power of approximately 150 milliwatts measured at the target.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a line width of between approximately 1 nm and 10 nm.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the multi-mode laser produces a laser light with a line width of at least 2 nm.
21 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the detection array detects a spectral range between approximately 400 cm −1 and approximately 3,000 cm −1 .
22 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the wavelength components are separated by a resolution ranging from about 10 cm −1 to about 100 cm −1 .
23 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
providing a catheter comprising an excitation fiber through which multi-mode radiation can propagate, the excitation fiber having a first end optically coupled to a multi-mode laser, and a second end positioned in optical alignment with a light directing element to direct radiation to a target within the lumen;
inserting the catheter in proximity to the target;
activating the multi-mode laser to irradiate the target to produce the target spectrum consisting of scattered electromagnetic radiation;
collecting a portion of the scattered radiation;
separating the collected radiation into different wavelength components using a low-resolution dispersion element;
detecting at least some of the wavelength components of the scattered light using a detection array; and
processing the data from the detection array to detect the presence of the drug released by the drug-eluting device.
24 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising identifying the components of the target from the data.
25 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the step determining a Raman spectrum for a target comprises inserting a catheter into a lumen of a subject.
26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the lumen is a blood vessel.
27 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of determining a Raman spectrum for drug-absorbing tissue comprises detection of a drug released by the drug-eluting medical device.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the drug is a scar tissue inhibitor.
29 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of predicting drug-release over a time period further comprises applying a partial least squares analysis to extract chemometric information from the data.
30 . A method for determining the presence or absence of a drug using Raman scattered radiation comprising:
irradiating a target region with radiation suitable for inducing Raman scattering;
collecting Raman scattered radiation from the target region;
determining a Raman spectrum from the collected radiation; and
analyzing the Raman spectrum to determine the presence or absence of at least one drug in the target region.
31 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the step of irradiating a target region comprises irradiating any of the group consisting of a drug-eluting device, a drug-eluting device package, and a lumen of a subject.
32 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the step of irradiating a device further comprises providing multi-mode laser radiation.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the laser radiation has a wavelength of between approximately 300 nm and approximately 1,500 nm.
34 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the laser radiation has a power of between approximately 50 mw and approximately 1,500 mw measured at the target.
35 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the laser radiation has a line width of between approximately 1 nm and approximately 10 nm.
36 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the step of determining a Raman spectrum further comprises separating the collected radiation into one or more wavelength components.
37 . The method of claim 37 , wherein the wavelength components are separated by a resolution ranging from about 10 cm −1 and about 100 cm −1 .
38 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the step of determining a Raman spectrum further comprises determining a spectral range of between about 400 cm −1 and about 3,000 cm −1 .
39 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising:
providing a catheter comprising an excitation fiber through which multi-mode radiation can propagate, the excitation fiber having a first end optically coupled to a multi-mode laser, and a second end positioned in optical alignment with a light directing element to direct radiation to a target;
positioning the second end of the catheter in proximity to the target;
activating the multi-mode laser to irradiate the target;
collecting a portion of the scattered radiation;
separating the collected radiation into different wavelength components using a low-resolution dispersion element;
detecting at least some of the wavelength components of the scattered light using a detection array; and
processing the data from the detection array to detect the presence of the drug released by the drug-eluting device.
40 . The method of claim 39 , wherein the step of positioning the second end of the catheter further comprises inserting the second end of the catheter into a lumen of a subject.
41 . The method of claim 40 , wherein the lumen is a blood vessel.
42 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the step of analyzing the Raman spectrum further comprises differentiating background noise from the Raman spectrum.
43 . The method of claim 42 , wherein the background noise comprises a Raman scattering of the drug-eluting device.
44 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising predicting a drug-release curve based on the analyzed Raman spectrum.
45 . The method of claim 44 , wherein the drug-release curve is over a time period greater than the time period of the collected Raman scattered radiation.