Regioisomerically pure oxochlorins and methods of synthesis
A method of making an oxochlorin comprises the steps of oxidizing a chlorin to produce a mixture of hydronchlorin and oxochlorin, and then oxidizing the hydroxychlorin in said mixture, preferably with DDQ, to produce a mixture consisting essentially of oxochlorin. The step of oxidizing a chlorin is carried out by exposing the chlorin to alumina, typically in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as air or alumina. The oxidizing steps may be carried out in an organic solvent such as toluene. The chlorin is preferably a C-methylated chlorin, and is preferably metalated.
1. A trans substituted oxochlorin compound of Formula X:
wherein:
M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Mg, Pt, Pd, Sn and Al;
K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, Se, Te, and CH;
S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , S 8 , S 9 , S 10 , S 11 , S 12 , and S 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, phenyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, spiroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, alkoxy, alkylthio, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroaryl, pyridyl, cyano, thiocyanato, nitro, amino, alkylamino, acyl, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, imido, amido, and carbamoyl;
wherein S 7 and S 13 are together ═O;
and wherein either (i) S 1 and S 5 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 , (ii) S 2 and S 6 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 , (iii) S 10 and S 12 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 , or (iv) S 9 and S 11 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 ; and
Q 1 and Q 2 are independently selected linking groups of the formula:
wherein:
n is from 0 or 1 to 5 or 10;
R 3 may be present or absent;
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ethene, ethyne, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, which aryl and heteroaryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with H, aryl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, alkoxy, alkylthio, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroaryl, pyridyl, cyano, thiocyanato, nitro, amino, alkylamino, acyl, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, imido, amido, and carbamoyl; and
Y is a protected or unprotected reactive substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, thio, seleno, telluro, ester, carboxylic acid, boronic acid, phenol, silane, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, alkylthiol, formyl, halo, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, dialkyl phosphonate, alkyl sulfonate, acetylacetone, and dialkyl boronate groups.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein S 9 and S 11 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 .
3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein S 10 and S 12 are trans-substituted lining groups Q 1 and Q 2 .
4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein neither S 8 nor S 14 is H.
5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is Zn or Mg.
6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, and CH.
7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are all N.
8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein S 4 , S 7 , S 8 , S 9 , S 10 , S 11 , S 12 , and S 14 are all alkyl.
9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, and CH.
10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are all N.
11. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein S 4 , S 8 , and S 14 are all alkyl.
12. A trans substituted oxochlorin compound of Formula X:
wherein:
M is absent;
K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of N, 0, 5, Se, Te, and CH;
S 1 , S 2 , S 3 S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , S 8 , S 9 , S 10 , S 11 , S 12 , and S 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, spiroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, alkoxy, alkylthio, perfluoroalkyl, periluoroaryl, pyridyl, cyano, thiocyanato, nitro, amino, alkylamino, acyl, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, imido, amido, and carbamoyl;
wherein S 7 and S 13 are together ═O;
and wherein either (i) S 10 and S 12 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 , or S 9 and S 11 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 ; and
Q 1 and Q 2 are independently selected linking groups of the formula:
wherein:
n is from 0 or 1 to 5 or 10;
R 3 may be present or absent;
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ethene, ethyne, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, which aryl and heteroaryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with H, aryl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, alkoxy, alkylthio, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroaryl, pyridyl, cyano, thiocyanato, nitro, amino, alkylamino, acyl, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, imido, amido, and carbamoyl; and
Y is a protected or unprotected reactive substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, thio, seleno, telluro, ester, carboxylic acid, boronic acid, phenol, silane, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, alkyithiol, formyl, halo, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, dialkyl phosphonate, alkyl sulfonate, acetylacetone, and dialkyl boronate groups.
13. The compound according to claim 12 , wherein S 9 and S 11 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 .
14. The compound according to claim 12 , wherein S 10 and 12 are trans-substituted linking groups Q 1 and Q 2 .
15. The compound according to claim 12 , wherein neither S 8 nor S 14 is H.