Hydrocarbon conversion using nanocrystalline zeolite Y
A process for alkylation of a hydrocarbon compound includes providing a catalyst including a zeolite Y having a crystal size of no more than 100 nm, and reacting an alkylatable hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent in the presence of the catalyst under alkylation reaction conditions to provide a gasoline product having a Research Octane Number of over 99.5.
1. A process for alkylation of an aromatic compound comprising:
a) providing a catalyst including a zeolite Y having a crystal size of no more than 100 nm, wherein the step of providing a catalyst comprises,
i) providing a porous inorganic oxide
ii) impregnating the porous inorganic oxide with a liquid solution containing an inorganic micropore forming directing agent which provides hydroxide ions, wherein the amount of liquid solution is no more than about 100% of the pore volume of the inorganic oxide, and the concentration of the micropore forming directing agent in the liquid solution ranges from about 25% to about 60% by weight, and
iii) heating the impregnated porous inorganic oxide at an elevated synthesis temperature for a duration of time sufficient to form a zeolite containing product; and
b) reacting the aromatic compound with an alkylating agent in the presence of said catalyst under alkylation reaction conditions to provide an alkylate product.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the alkylation process is aromatic alkylation.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the aromatic compound is benzene and the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, and isobutene.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the liquid solution of inorganic micropore forming directing agent is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y has a crystal size of no more than about 50 mm.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y has a crystal size of no more than about 25 nm.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y has a sodium content of no more than about 0.2 wt %.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y has a sodium content of no more than about 0.1 wt %.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y has a sodium content of no more than about 0.05 wt %.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst includes a refractory oxide binder.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the refractory oxide binder comprises one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, silica-alumina, titania and zirconia.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y includes one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, li, Ru, Rh, Os, Fe, Co, Ni, La, Ce, Pr, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Cu, Ag and Au.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y includes lanthanum and wherein the lanthanum to zeolite mass ratio is at least about 0.04.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the zeolite Y has a mesopore to micropore volume ratio of from about 0.2 to about 0.6.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst has a BET surface area of at least about 275 m 2 /g, and wherein the zeolite Y has a rare earth metal component with a mass ratio of rare earth metal to zeolite of at least about 0.04, wherein the zeolite has a mesopore to micropore volume ratio of from about 0.2 to about 6.0, and a unit cell size of from about 24.6 Å to about 24.9 Å.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein the alkylation reaction conditions include a temperature of from about −40° C. to about 250° C., a pressure of from about 1 bar to 100 bar, and a WHSV of from about 0.1 to about 500 hr − 1.