Multi-dimensional data interleaving communications system
View Patent ↗An interleaving operation can scramble (permute) a data stream, or each dimension (set of symbols (a, b, c, . . . )) in a data stream, immediately following FEC encoding or dimension multiplexing of the data stream. Bursts of errors might be combined with the permuted data before, during, or after transmission. A de-interleaver reorders the received symbols and, in the process, spreads (separates) the bursts of errors. Also, using the multi-dimensional interleaving and de-interleaving can balance SNR on each channel. Spreading the errors and/or balancing SNR can keep bursts from overwhelming the FEC decoder or an FEC decoder in any one channel. In one example, interleaving and de-interleaving can be used to scramble data over Ethernet twisted wire pairs. In another example, interleaving and de-interleaving can be used to scramble data or information broadcast via wireless telecommunications channels (e.g., radio frequency channels, multi-antenna channels, etc).
1. A system comprising:
a forward error correction encoder that encodes a first signal to produce a second signal;
an interleaver that interleaves the second signal to produce a third signal;
a transmission system used to transmit the third signal;
a de-interleaver that de-interleaves the third signal and a possible error signal combined with the third signal to produce a fourth signal, such that any burst of the error signals is spread out; and
a forward error correction decoder that decodes the fourth signal to produce a fifth signal,
wherein the transmission system comprises first and second frequency domain multiplexed transceivers that transmit and receive the third signal and the possible error signal over one of a wire or wireless transmission medium.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal and second signal comprise multi-dimensional data.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the interleaver forms the third signal using a sequential interleaving pattern.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the interleaver forms the third signal using a random interleaving pattern.
5. A system comprising:
a forward error correction encoder that encodes a first signal to produce a second signal;
an interleaver that interleaves the second signal to produce a third signal;
a transmission system used to transmit the third signal;
a de-interleaver that de-interleaves the third signal and a possible error signal combined with the third signal to produce a fourth signal, such that any burst of the error signals is spread out; and
a forward error correction decoder that decodes the fourth signal to produce a fifth signal,
wherein the transmission system comprises first and second time domain multiplexed transceivers that transmit and receive the third signal and the possible error signal over one of a wire or wireless transmission medium.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the first signal and second signal comprise multi-dimensional data.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the interleaver forms the third signal using a sequential interleaving pattern.
8. The system of claim 5 , wherein the interleaver forms the third signal using a random interleaving pattern.
9. A system comprising:
a forward error correction encoder that encodes a first signal to produce a second signal;
an interleaver that interleaves the second signal to produce a third signal;
a transmission system used to transmit the third signal;
a de-interleaver that dc-interleaves the third signal and a possible error signal combined with the third signal to produce a fourth signal, such that any burst of the error signals is spread out; and
a forward error correction decoder that decodes the fourth signal to produce a fifth signal,
wherein the transmission system comprises first and second frequency domain-time domain multiplexed transceivers that transmit and receive the third signal and the possible error signal over one of a wire or wireless transmission medium.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the first signal and second signal comprise multi-dimensional data.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the interleaver forms the third signal using a sequential interleaving pattern.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the interleaver forms the third signal using a random interleaving pattern.
13. A system comprising:
a forward error correction encoder that encodes a first signal to produce a second signal;
an interleaver that interleaves the second signal to produce a third signal;
a transmission system used to transmit the third signal;
a de-interleaver that dc-interleaves the third signal and a possible error signal combined with the third signal to produce a fourth signal, such that any burst of the error signals is spread out; and
a forward error correction decoder that decodes the fourth signal to produce a fifth signal,
a first multiplexer that produces a plurality of first signals; and
a second multiplexer that produces the fifth signal from a plurality of fourth signals,
wherein the encoding FEC and the decoding FEC include a plurality of encoding FECs and a plurality of decoding FECs, a number of each corresponding to a number of the plurality of first signals,
wherein the possible error signals are spread over the plurality of fourth signals.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the transmission system comprises a plurality of channels corresponding a number of the plurality of the first signals.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of channels have substantially equal signal-to-noise ratios.
16. A system comprising:
a two-stage multiplexing system;
a two-stage interleaving system, wherein each stage of the interleaving system is positioned subsequent to a corresponding stage of the multiplexing system;
a transmission system coupled between a second stage of the interleaving system and a first stage of a two-stage de-interleaving system;
a two-stage de-multiplexing system, wherein each stage of the de-multiplexing system is positioned subsequent to a corresponding stage of the de-interleaving system.
17. The system according to claim 16 , wherein:
a first stage of the multiplexing separates a multi-dimensional input signal into each of its dimensions;
a first stage of the interleaving system interleaves each dimension of the input signal to form second signals;
a second stage of the multiplexing system distributes each bit of the second signal to one of a plurality of frequency tones; and
a second stage of the interleaving system interleaves each of the frequency tones of each of the second signals to form a transmission signal.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein step (a) further comprises:
(a1) using a multi-dimensional signal as the first signal;
(a2) directing each dimension of the multi-dimensional first signal along a separate conductor; and
(a3) encoding each dimension of the multi-dimensional first signal, wherein steps (b)-(d) are performed for each dimension.