Toner, method of making, method of using
The present invention relates to a toner useful, for example, for visualizing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearing member by a method such as electrophotography and electrostatic recording methods. In addition, the present invention also relates, without limitation, to a developer including a toner, a developing method using a toner and a method of preparing the toner.
1. A toner for developing latent electrostatic images, wherein said toner is prepared by:
(A) dissolving or dispersing a toner composition comprising:
(1) a binder resin which comprises a polyester resin reactive with at least active hydrogen,
(2) a coloring agent, and
(3) a releasing agent,
in an organic solvent to provide a toner composition solution or a toner composition dispersion,
(B) dispersing said toner composition solution or said toner composition dispersion in an aqueous solvent to prepare an aqueous dispersion,
(C) subjecting said aqueous dispersion to a reaction to prepare a toner mixture,
(D) removing said organic solvent from said toner mixture,
(E) optionally washing said toner mixture to prepare a washed toner,
(F) optionally drying said toner mixture or said washed toner to prepare a toner,
wherein said toner comprises a fluorine-atom-containing compound at a surface thereof, and satisfies a relationship of 0.01≦F/C≦0.50 with respect to the content (F) of fluorine atom and (C) of carbon atom, as measured by XPS.
2. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said binder resin comprises a modified polyester resin and an unmodified polyester resin in a weight ratio of from 5/95 to 75/25.
3. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said toner particles have a volume average particle diameter of from 3 μm to 7 μm.
4. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said toner has a ratio (Dv/Dn) of a) a volume average particle diameter (Dv) of the toner particles to b) a number average particle diameter (Dn) thereof that is less than 1.25.
5. The toner particles as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said toner particles have a spherical degree of from 0.94 to 0.99.
6. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the toner has a glass transition point ranging from 40° C. to 70° C.
7. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the toner has a flow beginning temperature (Tfb) of from 80° C. to 170° C.
8. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said aqueous dispersion comprises fine particles.
9. The toner as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said fine particles comprise resin particles with an average particle diameter of 5 nm to 500 nm.
10. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said reaction is an elongation reaction.
11. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said polyester resin comprises THF-soluble components, of which the molecular weight distribution is such that a molecular peak thereof is in the range of 1000 to 30000, THF-soluble components with a molecular weight of 30000 or more are present in an amount of 1 wt % or more, and the average number molecular weight of said THF-soluble components is in the range of 2000 to 15000.
12. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said polyester resin comprises THF-soluble components, of which the molecular weight distribution is such that THF-soluble components with a molecular weight of 1000 or less are present in an amount of 0.1% to 5 wt %.
13. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said polyester resin comprises THF-insoluble components in an amount of 1 to 15 wt %.
14. The toner as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of removing said organic solvent from said toner mixture is carried out under conditions of at least heating and/or reduced pressure.
15. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a wax.
16. A developer comprising the toner as claimed in claim 1 .
17. A toner bottle containing the toner as claimed in claim 1 .
18. A color image forming method comprising: developing electrostatic latent images formed on plural image bearing members with plural color developers each comprising a different color toner to form a different color toner image on each of the image bearing members, respectively; and transferring the color toner images onto a receiving material one by one upon application of pressure to form a full color image thereon,
wherein at least one of the different color toners is a toner according to claim 1 .
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein all of the different color toners is a toner according to claim 1 .
20. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising: an image bearing member which bears an electrostatic latent image; a developing device which develops the latent image with a developer comprising a toner to form a toner image on the image bearing member; and a toner container containing the developer therein;
wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 1 .