Use of inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclases for treatment and prevention of disease
The present invention provides novel physiological substrates of mammalian glutaminyl cyclase (QC, EC 2.3.2.5), new effectors of QC, methods for screeing for such effectors, and the use of such effectors and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such effectors for the treatment of conditions that can be treated by modulation of QC-activity. Preferred compositions additionally comprise inhibitors of DP IV or DP IV-like enzymes for the treatment or alleviation of conditions that can be treated by modulation of QC- and DP IV-activity.
1. A method of treating Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering to a mammalian subject in need thereof a composition comprising an inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase is administered in a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral, enteral or oral administration, which further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition additionally comprises at least one agent selected from the group consisting of:
i) inhibitors of DP IV or DP IV-like enzymes,
ii) aminopeptidase-inhibitors, and
iii) substrates, pseudosubstrates, inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase expression, binding proteins or antibodies of enzyme proteins that reduce the glutaminyl cyclase protein concentration.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the DP IV-inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of L-threo-isoleucyl thiazolidine, L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidine, L-threo-isoleucyl pyrrolidine, L-allo-isoleucyl pyrrolidine, NVP-DPP728A(1-[[[2-[{5-cyanopyridin-2-yl}amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine), LAF-237 (1-[(3-hydroxy-adamant-1-ylamino)-acetyl]-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carbonitrile); TSL-225 (tryptophyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), FE-999011, N-valyl prolyl, O-benzoyl hydroxylamine, alanyl pyrrolidine, H-Asn-pyrrolidine, H-Asn-thiazolidine, H-Asp-pyrrolidine, H-Asp-thiazolidine, H-Asp(NHOH)-pyrrolidine, H-Asp(NHOH)-thiazolidine, H-Glu-pyrrolidine, H-Glu-thiazolidine, H-Glu(NHOH)-pyrrolidine, H-Glu(NHOH)-thiazolidine, H-His-pyrrolidine, H-His-thiazolidine, H-Pro-pyrrolidine, H-Pro-thiazolidine, H-Ile-azididine, H-Ile-pyrrolidine, H-L-allo-Ile-thiazolidine, H-Val-pyrrolidine and H-Val-thiazolidine, 2-Amino octanoic acid-Pro-Ile, Abu-Pro-Ile, Aib-Pro-Ile, Aze-Pro-Ile, Cha-Pro-Ile, Ile-Hyp-Ile, Ile-Pro-allo-Ile, Ile-Pro-t-butyl-Gly, Ile-Pro-Val, Nle-Pro-Ile, Nva-Pro-Ile, Orn-Pro-Ile, Phe-Pro-Ile, Phg-Pro-Ile, Pip-Pro-Ile, Ser(Bzl)-Pro-Ile, Ser(P)-Pro-Ile, Ser-Pro-Ile, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-D-Val, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Gly, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Ile, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Ile-amide, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-t-butyl-Gly, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Val, Thr-Pro-Ile, Tic-Pro-Ile, Trp-Pro-Ile, Tyr(P)-Pro-Ile, Tyr-Pro-allo-Ile, Val-Pro-allo-Ile, Val-Pro-t-butyl-Gly, Val-Pro-Val, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the DP IV-inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of
2-Methylcarbonyl-1-N-[(L)-Alanyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-Methyl)carbonyl-1-N-[(L)-Valinyl-(L)-Prolyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-[(Acetyl-oxy-methyl)carbonyl]-1-N-[(L)-Alanyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-[Benzoyl-oxy-methyl)carbonyl]-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-{[(2,6-Dichlorbenzyl)thiomethyl]carbonyl}-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine,
2-[Benzoy-loxy-methyl)carbonyl]-1-N-[Glycyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-[([1,3]-Thiazolethiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
2-[(Benzothiazolethiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[N-{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
2-[(-Benzothiazolethiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-Glycyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
2-[(Pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[N-{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
1-cyclopentyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-2-pentanaminium chloride,
1-cyclopentyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-2-butanaminium chloride,
1-cyclopentyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-butanaminium chloride,
1-cyclohexyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-butanaminium chloride,
3-(cyclopentylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium chloride, and
N-(2-cyclopentyl-2-oxoethyl)cyclohexanaminium chloride, and
other pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the H-isoAsp-Ala-OH generating activity of the DP IV-like enzyme is blocked.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the DP IV-like enzyme is DP II.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor is a competitive inhibitor.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor has a K i -value of about 0.0071 mM or below.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor has a K i -value in the range of from about 0.00041 mM to about 0.0071 mM.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)propan-1-one
4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-propyldihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one
4-[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-ethoxy]benzoic acid
3-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one
5-nitro-2-[2-([{3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-)propyl}amino]carbonyl)phenyl]furamide
1-benzylimidazole.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase inhibits the conversion of N-terminal glutamic acid or glutamine residues to pyroglutamic acid residues of at least one substrate of glutaminyl cyclase selected from the group consisting of Aβ3-40/42, [Gln 3 ]Aβ3-40/42, [Glu 11 ]Aβ11-40/42, [Gln 11 ]Aβ11-40/42, [Gln 1 ]Gastrins (17 and 34), [Gln 1 ]Neurotensin,[Gln 1 ]FPP, [Gln 1 ]TRH, [Gln 1 ]GnRH, [Gln 1 ]CCL 2, [Gln 1 ]CCL 7, [Gln 1 ]CCL 8, [Gln 1 ]CCL 16, [Gln 1 ]CCL 18, [Gln 1 ]ELA, [Gln 1 ]Fractalkine, and [Gln 1 ]Orexin A.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the administration of said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase inhibits the conversion of N-terminal glutamic acid or glutamine residues to pyroglutamic acid residues of at least one substrate of glutaminyl cyclase selected from the group consisting of Aβ3-40/42, [Gln 3 ]Aβ3-40/42, [Glu 11 ]Aβ11-40/42 and [Gln 11 ]Aβ11-40/42.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase binds to the active-site bound metal ion of glutaminyl cyclase.
15. A method of inhibiting the conversion of N-terminal glutamic acid or glutamine residues to pyroglutamic acid residues of at least one substrate of glutaminyl cyclase in a mammalian subject comprising:
administering to a mammalian subject in need thereof a composition comprising an inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein the inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase inhibits the conversion of N-terminal glutamic acid or glutamine residues to pyroglutamic acid residues of at least one substrate of glutaminyl cyclase selected from the group consisting of Aβ3-40/42, [Gln 3 ]Aβ3-40/42, [Glu 11 ]Aβ11-40/42, [Gln 11 ]Aβ11-40/42, [Gln 1 ]Gastrins (17 and 34), [Gln 1 ]Neurotensin, [Gln 1 ]FPP, [Gln 1 ]TRH, [Gln 1 ]GnRH, [Gln 1 ]CCL 2, [Gln 1 ]CCL 7, [Gln 1 ]CCL 8, [Gln 1 ]CCL 16, [Gln 1 ]CCL 18, [Gln 1 ]ELA, [Gln 1 ]Fractalkine, and [Gln 1 ]Orexin A in the mammalian subject; and
the mammalian subject is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the administration of said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase inhibits the conversion of N-terminal glutamic acid or glutamine residues to pyroglutamic acid residues of at least one substrate of glutaminyl cyclase selected from the group consisting of Aβ3-40/42, [Gln 3 ]Aβ3-40/42, [Glu 11 ]Aβ11-40/42 and [Gln 11 ]Aβ1140/42.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase is administered in a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral, enteral or oral administration, which further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition additionally comprises at least one agent selected from the group consisting of:
i) inhibitors of DP IV or DP IV-like enzymes,
ii) aminopeptidase-inhibitors, and
iii) substrates, pseudosubstrates, inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase expression, binding proteins or antibodies of enzyme proteins that reduce glutaminyl cyclase protein concentration.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the DP IV-inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of L-threo-isoleucyl thiazolidine, L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidine, L-threo-isoleucyl pyrrolidine, L-allo-isoleucyl pyrrolidine, NVP-DPP728A (1-[[[2-[{5-cyanopyridin-2-yl}amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S) -pyrolidine), LAF-237 (1-[(3-hydroxy-adamant-1-ylamino)-acetyl]-pyrolidine-2(S)-carbonitrile); TSL-225 (tryptophyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), FE-999011, N-valyl prolyl, O-benzoyl hydroxylamine, alanyl pyrrolidine, H-Asn-pyrrolidine, H-Asn-thiazolidine, H-Asp-pyrrolidine, H-Asp-thiazolidine, H-Asp(NHOH)-pyrrolidine, H-Asp(NHOH)-thiazolidine, H-Glu-pyrrolidine, H-Glu-thiazolidine, H-Glu(NHOH)-pyrolidine, H-Glu(NHOH)-thiazolidine, H-His-pyrrolidine, H-His-thiazolidine, H-Pro-pyrrolidine, H-Pro-thiazolidine, H-Ile-azididine, H-Ile-pyrolidine, H-L-allo-Ile-thiazolidine, H-Val-pyrrolidine and H-Val-thiazolidine, 2-Amino octanoic acid-Pro-Ile, Abu-Pro-Ile, Aib-Pro-Ile, Aze-Pro-Ile, Cha-Pro-Ile, Ile-Hyp-Ile, Ile-Pro-allo-Ile, Ile-Pro-t-butyl-Gly, Ile-Pro-Val, Nle-Pro-Ile, Nva-Pro-Ile, Orn-Pro-Ile, Phe-Pro-Ile, Phg-Pro-Ile, Pip-Pro-Ile, Ser(Bzl)-Pro-Ile, Ser(P)-Pro-Ile, Ser-Pro-Ile, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-D-Val, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Gly, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Ile, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Ile-amide, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-t-butyl-Gly, t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Val, Thr-Pro-Ile, Tic-Pro-Ile, Trp-Pro-Ile, Tyr(P)-Pro-Ile, Tyr-Pro-allo-Ile, Val-Pro-allo-Ile, Val-Pro-t-butyl-Gly, Val-Pro-Val, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the DP IV-inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of
2-Methylcarbonyl-1-N-[(L)-Alanyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-Methyl)carbonyl-1-N-[(L)-Valinyl-(L)-Prolyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-[(Acetyl-oxy-methyl)carbonyl]-1-N-[(L)-Alanyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-[Benzoyl-oxy-methyl)carbonyl]-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-{[(2,6-Dichlorbenzyl)thiomethyl]carbonyl}-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine,
2-[Benzoy-Ioxy-methyl)carbonyl]-1-N-[Glycyl-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine hydrobromide,
2-[([1,3]-Thiazolethiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
2-[(Benzothiazolethiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[N-{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluorace
2-[(-Benzothiazolethiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[{(L)-Alanyl}-Glycyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
2-[(Pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-N-[N-{(L)-Alanyl}-(L)-Valinyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidine trifluoracetate,
1-cyclopentyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-2-pentanaminium chloride,
1-cyclopentyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-2-butanaminium chloride,
1-cyclopentyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-butanaminium chloride,
1-cyclohexyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-butanaminium chloride,
3-(cyclopentylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium chloride, and
N-(2-cyclopentyl-2-oxoethyl)cyclohexanaminium chloride, and
other pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
21. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the H-isoAsp-Ala-OH generating activity of the DP IV-like enzyme is blocked.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the DP IV-like enzyme is DP II.
23. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor is a competitive inhibitor.
24. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor has a K i -value of about 0.0071 mM or below.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor has a K i -value in the range of from about 0.00041 mM to about 0.0071 mM.
26. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)propan-1-one
4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-propyldihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one
4-[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-ethoxy]benzoic acid
3-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one
5-nitro-2-[2-([{3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-)propyl}amino]carbonyl)phenyl]furamide
1-benzylimidazole.
27. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase binds to the active-site bound metal ion of glutaminyl cyclase.