Transparent invisible conductive grid
The present invention relates to an antistatic article comprising a substrate or support having thereon at least one antistatic layer, wherein the antistatic layer comprises a conductive material having areas of patterned coverage. The present invention also relates to a display comprising a substrate having an electrically modulated imaging layer thereon, at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one transparent antistatic layer, wherein said antistatic layer comprises a conductive material having areas of patterned coverage.
1. A display comprising a substrate having deposited on the surface thereof an electrically modulated imaging layer, at least one electrically conductive layer having a surface conductivity of less than 10 4 ohms/sq, and at least one transparent antistatic layer, wherein said antistatic layer comprises a conductive material having areas of patterned coverage which comprises a continuous conductive pathway and wherein said antistatic layer comprises a surface resistivity of between 10 5 and 10 12 ohms/sq.
2. The display of claim 1 wherein said substrate is flexible.
3. The display of claim 1 wherein said substrate is transparent.
4. The display of claim 3 wherein said transparent substrate comprises polyester.
5. The display of claim 3 wherein said transparent substrate comprises polycarbonate.
6. The display of claim 3 wherein said transparent substrate comprises polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
7. The display of claim 3 wherein said transparent substrate comprises acetate.
8. The display of claim 3 wherein said transparent substrate comprises polyethersulfone.
9. The display of claim 3 wherein said transparent substrate comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester, polycarbonate, acetate, cyclic polyolefin, polyethersulfone, and polyamide.
10. The display of claim 1 wherein said electrically modulated imaging layer comprises a light modulating material.
11. The display of claim 9 wherein said light modulating material comprises a liquid crystal material.
12. The display of claim 11 wherein said liquid crystal material is a cholesteric liquid crystal material.
13. The display of claim 1 wherein the imaging layer contains a polymer dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
14. The display of claim 13 wherein said polymer is gelatin.
15. The display of claim 13 wherein said polymer is water soluble.
16. The display of claim 1 wherein said electrically modulated imaging layer is capable of forming an image or text.
17. The display of claim 1 wherein said at least one conductive layer is patterned with actinic radiation.
18. The display of claim 1 wherein said conductive layer comprises ITO.
19. The display of claim 1 wherein said conductive material comprises at least one polyether polymeric conductive material.
20. The display of claim 19 wherein said polyether polymeric conductive material comprises polyether block copolyamide.
21. The display of claim 1 wherein said conductive material comprises a transparent conductive material.
22. The display of claim 21 wherein said transparent conductive material comprises a material transparent to visible light in the range from 400 to 700 nm.
23. The display of claim 1 wherein said conductive material comprises at least one electronic conductor.
24. The display of claim 23 wherein said electronic conductor comprises metal-containing particles.
25. The display of claim 24 wherein said metal-containing particles are acicular.
26. The display of claim 24 wherein said metal-containing particles comprise semiconducting metal oxides.
27. The display of claim 24 wherein said metal-containing particles comprise conductive crystalline inorganic oxides.
28. The display of claim 27 wherein said metal-containing particles comprise tin oxide.
29. The display of claim 24 wherein said metal-containing particles comprise conductive metal antimonates.
30. The display of claim 24 wherein said metal-containing particles comprise conductive inorganic non-oxides.
31. The display of claim 23 wherein said electronic conductor comprises electronically conductive polymers.
32. The display of claim 31 wherein said electronically conductive polymers comprise polythiophenes, polypyrroles, and polyanilines.
33. The display of claim 1 wherein said conductive material comprises at least one ionic conductor.
34. The display of claim 33 wherein said ionic conductor is an inorganic and/or organic salt.
35. The display of claim 33 wherein said ionic conductor is a conductive clay.
36. The display of claim 33 wherein said ionic conductor is a surfactant capable of static dissipation.
37. The display of claim 36 wherein said surfactant is an alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates and alkyl phosphates having alkyl chains of 4 or more carbon atoms in length.
38. The display of claim 36 wherein said surfactant is an onium salt, having alkyl chains of 4 or more carbon atoms in length.
39. The display of claim 36 wherein said surfactant is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, amine, acids and fatty acid esters having alkyl groups of 4 or more carbon atoms in length.
40. The article of claim 1 wherein said patterned coverage comprises areas of coverage and areas without coverage.
41. The article of claim 40 wherein said patterned coverage comprises a shape.
42. The article of claim 40 wherein said areas of coverage comprise at least one line.
43. The article of claim 40 wherein said areas of coverage comprise at least one dot.
44. The article of claim 1 wherein said patterned coverage comprises a grid.
45. The article of claim 1 wherein said patterned coverage comprises a gradient, wherein said gradient comprises areas of higher coverage and lower coverage.
46. The article of claim 45 wherein said areas of higher coverage comprise a resistivity of from 10 5 to 10 12 ohm/sq and said areas of lower coverage comprise a resistivity of greater than 10 12 ohm/sq.
47. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer comprises a layer applied by blade coating, wound wire rod coating, slot coating, slide hopper coating, gravure, or curtain coating.
48. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer comprises a layer applied by extrusion coating.
49. The article of claim 48 wherein said extrusion coating comprises simultaneous or consecutive extrusion.
50. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer comprises a printed layer.
51. The article of claim 1 wherein said support comprises an opaque support.
52. The article of claim 51 wherein said opaque support comprises paper.
53. The article of claim 1 wherein said support comprises oriented laminates.
54. The article of claim 1 wherein said support comprises a transparent support.
55. The article of claim 1 wherein said conductive material comprises from 15 to 85% weight of said antistatic layer, and said polymer comprises from 15 to 85% by weight of said antistatic layer.
56. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer further comprises a polymer.
57. The article of claim 56 wherein said polymer comprises polypropylene.
58. The article of claim 56 wherein said polymer comprises polyethylene.
59. The article of claim 56 wherein said polymer comprises polyurethane.
60. The article of claim 56 wherein said polymer comprises polymers and interpolymers selected from the group of polymers and interpolymers prepared from monomers selected from the group consisting of styrene, styrene derivatives, acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid derivatives, olefins, chlorinated olefins, acrylonitriles, methacrylonitriles, itaconic acid, itaconic acid derivatives, maleic acid, maleic acid derivatives, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, vinyl monomer having a primary amine addition salt, and vinyl monomer containing an aminostyrene addition salt.
61. The article of claim 56 wherein said polymer comprises styrene and styrene derivates, acrylics and acrylic acid derivatives, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid derivatives.
62. The article of claim 56 wherein said polymer comprises polyester.
63. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer comprises a layer on the same side of said support as said imaging layer.
64. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer comprises a layer on the side of said support opposite said imaging layer.
65. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer is on the side of said imaging layer opposite said support.
66. The article of claim 1 wherein said antistatic layer is between said imaging layer and said support.
67. The display of claim 1 further comprising at least a second electrically conductive layer.
68. The display of claim 1 wherein the imaging layer further comprises a radiation absorbing layer.
69. A display comprising a substrate having deposited on the surface thereof an electrically modulated imaging layer, at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one transparent antistatic layer, wherein said antistatic layer comprises a conductive material having areas of patterned coverage, wherein said patterned coverage comprises a gradient, wherein said gradient comprises areas of higher coverage comprising a resistivity of from 10 5 to 10 12 ohm/sq and areas of lower coverage comprising a resistivity of greater than 10 12 ohm/sq.
70. A display comprising a substrate having deposited on the surface thereof an electrically modulated imaging layer, at least one electrically conductive layer having a surface conductivity of less than 10 4 ohms/sq, and at least one transparent antistatic layer, wherein said antistatic layer comprises a conductive material having areas of patterned coverage which comprises a continuous conductive pathway and wherein said antistatic layer comprises a surface resistivity of between 10 5 and 10 12 ohms/sq., wherein said antistatic layer comprises a layer on the side of said support opposite said imaging layer.