Colloidal and colloidal-like systems in aqueous, clay-based fluids
The present invention generally relates to improved clay-based compositions comprising colloidal or colloidal-like phases (e.g., emulsions, aphrons) and methods of using those compositions. The compositions generally comprise an aqueous continuous phase, one or more palygorskite-sepiolite group clays, one or more surfactants, aphrons and optionally one or more Aphron Stabilizers. The compositions of the present invention are capable of being used in high-pressure applications.
1. A fluid composition for downhole use in a well, comprising:
an aqueous liquid as the continuous phase;
one or more surfactants;
aphrons; and
one or more viscosifiers selected from the group of palygorskite-sepiolite clay family members consisting of palygorskite, tuperssuatsiaite, yofortierite, kalifersite, sepiolite, falcondoite, loughlinite and mixtures thereof, wherein the composition has a pH of from about 7 to about 12.
2. The composition according to claim 1 further comprising one or more aphron stabilizers.
3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein at least one of the aphron stabilizers comprises a cross-linkable polymer.
4. The composition according to claim 2 wherein at least one of the aphron stabilizers comprises polyvinyl alcohol, betaine, alkyl ether sulfate and mixtures thereof.
5. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight aphron stabilizer.
6. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 20 hours.
7. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 75 hours.
8. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 150 hours.
9. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the aphrons are stable at pressures of greater than or equal to about 2,000 psi.
10. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the aphrons are stable at pressures of greater than or equal to about 5,000 psi.
11. A fluid composition for downhole use in a well, comprising:
an aqueous liquid as the continuous phase;
one or more surfactants;
aphrons; and
one or more viscosifiers selected from the group of palygorskite-sepiolite clay family members consisting of palygorskite, tuperssuatsiaite, yofortierite, kalifersite, sepiolite, falcondoite, loughlinite and mixtures thereof, wherein the composition can be continuously recirculated.
12. The composition according to claim 11 wherein the aphrons prevent loss of excess fluid into a formation.
13. The composition according to claim 11 wherein the aphrons effectively seal a formation.
14. The composition according to claim 11 wherein the downhole use includes drilling, logging, workover and servicing operations.
15. A process for drilling or servicing a wellbore in a subtenanean formation wherein a drilling or servicing fluid is circulated in the wellbore, comprising:
utilizing as the drilling or servicing fluid an aqueous liquid as the continuous phase, one or more surfactants, aphrons, and one or more viscosifiers selected from the group of palygorskite-sepiolite clay family members consisting of, palygorskite, tuperssuatsiaite, yofortierite, kalifersite, sepiolite, falcondoite, loughlinite and mixtures thereof.
16. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid further comprises one or more aphron stabilizers.
17. The process according to claim 16 wherein at least one of the aphron stabilizers comprises polyvinyl alcohol, betaine, alkyl ether sulfate and mixtures thereof.
18. The process according to claim 16 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 20 hours.
19. The process according to claim 16 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 75 hours.
20. The process according to claim 16 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 150 hours.
21. The process according to claim 16 wherein the aphrons have an average half-life of greater than or equal to about 200 hours.
22. The process according to claim 16 wherein the aphrons are stable at pressures of greater than or equal to about 2,000 psi.
23. The process according to claim 16 wherein the aphrons are stable at pressures of greater than or equal to about 5,000 psi.
24. The process according to claim 15 wherein at least one of the viscosifiers comprises palygorskite, sepiolite and mixtures thereof.
25. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid has a low shear rate viscosity as measured by a Brookfield Viscometer at 0.06 sec −1 of at least 10,000 centipoise.
26. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid has a low shear rate viscosity as measured by a Brookfield Viscometer at 0.06 sec −1 of at least 50,000 centipoise.
27. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid has a plastic viscosity as measured by subtracting a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm from a Fann 35 reading at 600 rpm of less than 25 centipoise.
28. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid has a plastic viscosity as measured by subtracting a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm from a Fann 35 reading at 600 rpm of less than 10 centipoise.
29. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid has a high shear rate viscosity as measured by a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm of less than 100 centipoise.
30. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid has a high shear rate viscosity as measured by a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm of less than 70 centipoise.
31. The process according to claim 15 wherein the aphrons comprise from about 10% by volume to about 20% by volume of the drilling or servicing fluid.
32. The process according to claim 15 wherein the drilling or servicing fluid can be continuously recirculated.
33. The process according to claim 15 wherein the aphrons prevent loss of excess drilling or servicing fluid into the formation.
34. A fluid composition for downhole use in a well, comprising:
an aqueous liquid as the continuous phase;
one or more surfactants;
aphrons;
one or more aphron stabilizers; and
one or more viscosifiers selected from the group of palygorskite-sepiolite clay family members consisting of, palygorskite, tuperssuatsiaite, yofortierite, kalifersite, sepiolite, falcondoite, loughlinite and mixtures thereof.
35. The composition according to claim 34 wherein at least one of the viscosifiers comprises palygorskite, sepiolite and mixtures thereof.
36. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition has a low shear rate viscosity as measured by a Brookfield Viscometer at 0.06 sec −1 of at least 10,000 centipoise.
37. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition has a low shear rate viscosity as measured by a Brookfield Viscometer at 0.06 sec −1 of at least 50,000 centipoise.
38. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition has a plastic viscosity as measured by subtracting a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm from a Fann 35 reading at 600 rpm of less than 25 centipoise.
39. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition has a plastic viscosity as measured by subtracting a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm from a Fann 35 reading at 600 rpm of less than 10 centipoise.
40. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition has a high shear rate viscosity as measured by a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm of less than 100 centipoise.
41. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition has a high shear rate viscosity as measured by a Fann 35 reading at 300 rpm of less than 70 centipoise.
42. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the composition can be continuously recirculated.
43. The composition according to claim 34 wherein the aphrons prevent loss of excess fluid into a formation.