Endogenous adjuvant molecules and uses thereof
Methods of modulating the immune response using pharmaceutical compositions containing crystalline adjuvants are described. In various embodiments the crystalline adjuvants are selected from the group consisting of monosodium urate (MSU), xanthine, basic calcium phosphate (BCP), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate, cholesterol, lipid liquid, other crystalline lipids, lithium heparin, talc, and starch.
1. A method of eliciting an antigen-specific immune response in a subject, comprising administering purified uric acid and an antigen in an amount sufficient to elicit said antigen-specific immune response, wherein the antigen is in particulate form and the uric acid stimulates dendritic cells to mature and augment the priming of T cell responses to the antigen.
2. A method of eliciting an antigen-specific immune response in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an amount of activated antigen-presenting cells sufficient to induce an antigen-specific immune response, wherein said activated antigen-presenting cells have been contacted with purified uric acid and an antigen in particulate form in amounts sufficient to induce activation of said activated antigen-presenting cells.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the uric acid is present in an amount sufficient to precipitate in vivo.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the uric acid is administered such that the serum concentration is greater than about 70 μg/ml.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the uric acid is in the form of monosodium urate crystals.
6. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is a viral antigen.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is a tumor antigen.
8. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is a bacterial antigen.
9. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is a parasitic antigen.
10. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is a pathogenic self protein.
11. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of protein, peptide, carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid.
12. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen is inactivated virus or bacteria.
13. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen comprises a peptide.
14. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the antigen comprises a mixture of peptides.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the peptides comprise a mixture of peptide epitopes derived from the antigenic proteins of a pathogenic organism.
16. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the uric acid is in the form of monosodium urate crystals and wherein the monosodium urate crystals and antigen are physically associated.