Non-cytotoxic oriP replicon
The invention provides a vector encoding a derivative of EBNA-1 that is not cytotoxic when expressed efficiently in cells, which supports extrachromosomal replication, maintenance and transcription from extrachromosomal oriP containing vectors but does not substantially activate transcription from host cell genes. Also provided is a vector having oriP and encoding a derivative of EBNA-1. The vectors of the invention may be employed in vitro and in gene therapy.
1. A recombinant vector comprising a DNA segment which encodes a recombinant protein that has the following sequences: an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residue 1 to residue 40 of a wild-type EBNA-1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) having SEQ ID NO:1 which is N-terminal to at least three consecutive tripeptides selected from any combination of the following tripeptides Gly-Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly-Ala, or Ala-Gly-Gly, which are N-terminal to an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 328 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the recombinant protein lacks residues 65 to 89 of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, wherein the recombinant protein binds an oriP of EBV with an affinity that is at least 10% that of the binding of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, is noncytotoxic and activates transcription at levels at least 5% that of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein from an extrachromosomal template having an oriP of EBV which is capable of binding the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
2. The recombinant vector of claim 1 wherein the DNA segment comprises a first DNA fragment encoding residues 1 to 40 of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein and a second DNA fragment encoding residues from residue 328 to the C-terminal residue of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
3. The recombinant vector of claim 2 wherein the DNA segment further comprises a third DNA fragment inserted between the first and second DNA fragments, which third DNA fragment comprises a portion of an open reading frame.
4. The recombinant vector of claim 3 wherein the third DNA fragment encodes LR2 of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
5. The recombinant vector of claim 1 further comprising the DNA sequence having oriP of EBV.
6. The recombinant vector of claim 5 further comprising a heterologous open reading frame.
7. The recombinant vector of claim 6 wherein the heterologous open reading frame is operably linked to a transcriptional regulatory element.
8. The recombinant vector of claim 7 wherein the transcriptional regulatory element is a promoter.
9. The recombinant vector of claim 7 wherein the transcriptional regulatory element includes an enhancer.
10. The recombinant vector of claim 6 wherein the heterologous open reading frame encodes a therapeutic or prophylactic gene product.
11. The recombinant vector of claim 1 or 10 further comprising a selectable gene or a marker gene.
12. The recombinant vector of claim 1 which encodes a recombinant protein with at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to residues 1 to 40 and to residues 328 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1.
13. The recombinant vector of claim 1 which comprises the Gly-Gly-Ala repeat region of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
14. The recombinant vector of claim 1 wherein the recombinant protein activates transcription from the extracbromosomal template at levels at least 10% that of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
15. The recombinant vector of claim 1 which is a plasmid.
16. The recombinant vector of claim 1 which is a recombinant virus.
17. The recombinant vector of claim 1 wherein the amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 328 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1 has a wild-type EBNA-1 nuclear localization sequence.
18. A derivative encoded by the recombinant vector of claim 1 .
19. A method to maintain and express a heterologous open reading frame in a cell, comprising contacting a cell with a recombinant plasmid comprising the heterologous open reading frame and a DNA sequence which is capable of binding a wild-type EBNA-1 protein with an affinity that is at least 10% that of an oriP of EBV, which cell expresses a DNA segment which encodes a recombinant protein, wherein the recombinant protein has the following sequences: an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residue 1 to residue 40 of a wild-type EBNA-1 protein of EBV having SEQ ID NO:1 which is N-terminal to at least three consecutive tripeptides selected from any combination of the following tripeptides Gly-Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly-Ala, or Ala-Gly-Gly, which are N-terminal to an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 328 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the recombinant protein lacks residues 65 to 89 of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, wherein the recombinant protein binds an oriP of EBV with an affinity that is at least 10% that of the binding of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, is noncytotoxic, and activates transcription at levels at least 5% that of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein from an extrachromosomal template having an oriP of EBV which is capable of binding the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
20. A method to maintain and express a heterologous open reading frame in a cell, comprising contacting a cell with a recombinant plasmid comprising the heterologous open reading frame and a DNA sequence which is capable of binding a wild-type EBNA-1 protein with an affinity that is at least 10% that of an oriP of EBV, and a DNA segment which encodes a recombinant protein, wherein the recombinant protein has the following sequences: an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residue 1 to residue 40 of a wild-type EBNA-1 protein of EBV having SEQ ID NO:1 that is N-terminal to at least three consecutive tripeptides selected from any combination of the following tripeptides Gly-Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly-Ala, or Ala-Gly-Gly, which are N-terminal to an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 328 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the recombinant protein lacks residues 65 to 89 of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, wherein the recombinant protein binds an oriP of EBV with an affinity that is at least 10% that of the binding of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, is noncytotoxic. and activates transcription at levels at least 5% that of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein from an extrachromosomal template having an oriP of EBV which is capable of binding the wild-type EBNA-1 protein.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the DNA segment is on a second recombinant plasmid.
22. The method of claim 19 or 20 wherein the heterologous open reading frame encodes a therapeutic or prophylactic gene product.
23. The method of claim 19 or 20 wherein the heterologous open reading frame is operably linked to a promoter to form an expression cassette.
24. The method of claim 19 or 20 wherein the recombinant protein activates transcription from the plasmid at levels at least 10% that of the corresponding wild-type protein.
25. The method of claim 19 or 20 wherein the cell is a cultured or primary cell.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.
27. The method of claim 19 or 20 wherein a mammal is contacted with the recombinant plasmid.
28. A recombinant vector comprising:
a DNA segment which encodes a recombinant protein that is noncytotoxic relative to a wild-type EBNA-1 protein having SEQ ID NO:1, which recombinant protein has the following sequences: an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residue 1 to residue 40 of a wild-type EBNA-1 protein of EBV having SEQ ID NO:1 that is N-terminal to at least three consecutive tripeptides selected from any combination of the following tripeptides Gly-Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly-Ala, or Ala-Gly-Gly, which are N-terminal to an amino acid sequence with at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 328 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the recombinant protein lacks residues 65 to 89 of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, wherein the recombinant protein binds an oriP of EBV with an affinity that is at least 10% that of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein, and activates transcription at levels at least 5% that of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein from an extrachromosomal template having an oriP of EBV which is capable of binding the wild-type EBNA-1 protein;
the DNA sequence which binds the wild-type protein; and
a DNA fragment with a multiple cloning site sequence 3′ to a promoter.
29. The vector of claim 28 further comprising a heterologous open reading frame inserted into a cloning site in the multiple cloning site sequence.
30. The recombinant vector of claim 28 which encodes a recombinant protein with at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to residues 1 to 40 and residues 328 to 641, and lacks residues about 65 to 89, of the wild-type EBNA-1 protein having SEQ ID NO:1.
31. The recombinant vector of claim 1 which encodes a recombinant protein having at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 1 to 64 and residues 90 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1.
32. The recombinant vector of claim 31 which encodes a recombinant protein having residues 1 to 64 and residues 90 to 641 of SEQ lD NO:1.
33. The method of claim 19 or 20 wherein the recombinant protein has at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 1 to 64 and residues 90 to 641 of SEQ lD NO:1.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein the recombinant protein has residues 1 to 64 and residues 90 to 641 of SEQ lD NO:1.
35. The vector of claim 28 wherein the recombinant protein has at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 1 to 64 and residues 90 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1.
36. The vector of claim 35 wherein the recombinant protein has residues 1 to 64 and residues 90 to 641 of SEQ ID NO:1.