Flow sensor calibration methods and apparatus
Apparatus and methods of calibrating a microfluidic flow sensor, in which the flow of a fluid through a flow sensor is stopped and a first value is read from the flow sensor, then the fluid is pumped through the flow sensor sequentially at first and second selected rates, and readings from the flow sensor of the flow rate are taken for each of the rates. The readings are used in a polynomial equation to determine the actual flow rate, which is used to calibrate the sensor. The flow sensor can be connected to a computer programmed to perform the calibration method, determine the actual flow rate of the sensor, and make appropriate adjustments to the flow rate of a pump.
1. An article of manufacture comprising: an electronic storage device comprising computer software having program instructions directing a computer running said instructions to receive and store in memory a first value for a first flow rate from a microfluidic fluid flow sensor, receive and store in memory a second value for a second flow rate from said flow sensor, receive and store in memory a third value for a third flow rate from said flow sensor, calculate values for constants a, b, and c corresponding to said first, second and third values for calibration of said flow sensor, receive and store in memory an operational value for a flow rate from said flow sensor during operation, calculate a real flow rate corresponding to the operational flow rate value, and adjust a pump velocity based on the calculated real flow rate.
2. The article according to claim 1 wherein said article comprises a hard disk.
3. The article according to claim 1 wherein said article comprises a CDROM.
4. The article according to claim 1 wherein said article comprises a non-volatile computer memory device.
5. The article according to claim 1 wherein said program instructions further direct the computer to adjust the flow rate of a pump responsive to the flow rate calculated using the values calculated for constants a, b, and c.
6. A method of controlling flow rate in a microfluidic liquid chromatography system comprising a pump in fluid communication with a flow sensor comprising the steps of:
pumping a fluid in the system at (n+1) preselected flow rates, and determining the corresponding value for each rate of flow from the flow sensor;
calculating n constants for a polynomial equation with n as the highest order;
measuring a flow rate from the flow sensor;
calculating a real flow rate corresponding to the measured flow rate using the polynomial equation; and
adjusting the pump velocity based on the calculated real flow rate.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein n equals 3.
8. The method according to claim 6 wherein the values of the n constants are calculated using the equation y=ax 2 +bx+c.
9. The method according to claim 6 wherein the values of the n constants are calculated using a least-squares algorithm.
10. The method according to claim 6 wherein the flow sensor comprises a thermal anemomity sensor.
11. The method according to claim 6 wherein the fluid comprises one selected from a group consisting of the following: tetrahydrofuran, methanol, water, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetonitrile.
12. The method according to claim 6 further comprising the steps of first rinsing a pump used for pumping the fluid.
13. The method according to claim 6 wherein the steps of pumping the fluid through the flow sensor further comprises pumping the fluid through a valve to a waste receptacle.
14. The method according to claim 6 further comprising the step of providing a pump with a known flow rate.
15. The method according to claim 6 further comprising the steps of transmitting the first, second, and third values from the sensor to a computer.
16. The method according to claim 6 wherein the calculating step is performed by a computer in accordance with a computer program.
17. The method according to claim 6 wherein the first flow rate is between approximately −1000 microliters per minute or so and approximately +1000 microliters per minute or so.
18. The method according to claim 6 wherein the second flow rate is between about −5000 microliters per minute or so and about +5000 microliters per minute or so.
19. The method according to claim 6 wherein n equals four.
20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the values of the n constants are calculated using the equation y=ax 3 +bx 2 +cx+d.