Regio- and enantioselective alkane hydroxylation with modified cytochrome P450
Cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium was engineered using a combination of directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis to hydroxylate linear alkanes regio- and enantioselectively using atmospheric dioxygen as an oxidant. Mutant 9-10A-A328V hydroxylates octane primarily at the 2-positio to form S-2-octanol (40% ee). Another mutant, 1-12G, hydroxylates alkanes larger than hexane primarily at the 2-position, but forms R-2-alcohols (40-55% ee). These biocatalysts are highly active for alkane substrates and support thousands of product turnovers. These regio- and enantio-selectivities are retained in whole-cell biotransformations with E. coli , where the engineered P450s can be expressed at high levels and the expensive cofactor is supplied endogenously.
1. An isolated mutant cytochrome P450 Bacillus megaterium 3 (BM-3) enzyme comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, except that a leucine is at position 82.
2. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , wherein the mutant further consists of at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of: V78A, T175I, A184V, H236Q, E252G, R255S, and L353V, and combinations thereof.
3. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 2 , wherein the mutation is a V78A mutation.
4. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 2 , wherein the mutant further consists of V78A, T175I, A184V, H236Q, E252G, R255S, and L353V mutations.
5. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , wherein the mutant further consists of a mutation selected from the group consisting of: V78A, T175I, A184V, H236Q, E252G, R255S, L353V, H138Y, V178I, and A295T, and combinations thereof.
6. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , wherein said enzyme further consists of an amino acid mutation selected from the group consisting of: R47C, K94I, P142S, F205C, S226R, and A290V, and combinations thereof.
7. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , further consisting of a mutation selected from the group consisting of: A328V, R47C, K94I, P142S, F205C, F87I, T88C, S226R, and A290V, and combinations thereof.
8. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , further consisting of a mutation selected from the group consisting of: R47C, F87I, and A328V, and combinations thereof.
9. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 8 , wherein the enzyme includes a mutation of A328V.
10. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , further consisting of a mutation selected from the group consisting of: A328V, R47C, K94I, P142S, F205C, S226R, and A290V.
11. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 , further consisting of the following mutations: A328V, R47C, K94I, P142S, F205C, S226R, and A290V.
12. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 11 , wherein the enzyme includes a V78A mutation.
13. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 12 , further consisting of T175I, A184V, H236Q, E252G, R255S, and L353V mutations.
14. An isolated mutant P450 enzyme comprising at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:2 and having a A82L point mutation and can hydroxylate an alkane.
15. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 14 , wherein the P450 enzyme is at least 95% identical to the sequence in SEQ ID NO:2, and can hydroxylate an alkane.
16. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 14 that has a higher degree of regioselectivity for the hydroxylation of octane than the wild-type and further consisting of a V78A, H138Y, T175I, V178I, A184V, H236Q, E252G, R255S, A295T and L353V mutation in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the P450 mutant is at least 70% selective for one regioisomer over the other.
17. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 16 , wherein the regioselectivity of the mutant is at least 80% selective for one regioisomer over the other.
18. The isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 16 , wherein the mutant P450 is a P450 BM-3.
19. An isolated mutant P450 enzyme having at least 90% sequence identity to the P450 enzyme of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein said enzyme comprises a leucine at position 82 of SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the mutant enzyme has an enantioselectivity that allows for hydroxylation of a substrate to occur in a R configuration.
20. The isolated mutant P450 of claim 19 , wherein the substrate is octane.
21. The isolated mutant P450 of claim 19 , wherein the P450 enzyme of SEQ ID NO:2 is obtained from a Bacillus megaterium 3 (BM-3).
22. A method of hydroxylating an decane, nonane, octane, heptane, hexane, pentane, propane, or ethane, said method comprising:
providing an isolated mutant P450 enzyme of claim 1 ; and
contacting said isolated mutant P450 with a decane, nonane, octane, heptane, hexane, pentane, propane, or ethane.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the hydroxylation occurs in a regioselective manner.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the hydroxylation occurs in an enantioselective manner.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the isolated mutant P450 hydroxylates said alkane with a turnover number of more than 100.
26. The method of claim 22 , wherein the alkane is an octane and wherein the isolated mutant P450 hydroxylates said octane with a turnover number of more than 1000.