Self-assembling peptides incorporating modifications and methods of use thereof
The invention provides a self-assembling peptide comprising (a) a first amino acid domain that mediates self-assembly, wherein the domain comprises alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids that are complementary and structurally compatible and self-assemble into a macroscopic structure when present in unmodified form; and (b) a second amino acid domain that does not self-assemble in isolated form. In certain embodiments of the invention the second amino acid domain comprises a biologically active peptide motif, e.g., a peptide motif found in a naturally occurring protein, or a target site for an interaction with a biomolecule. In certain embodiments of the invention the naturally occurring protein is a component of the extracellular matrix, e.g., a component of the basement membrane. The invention further provides scaffolds comprising the self-assembling peptides and methods of using the scaffolds including for cell culture, tissue engineering, and tissue repair.
1. A self-assembling peptide comprising:
(a) a first amino acid domain that mediates self-assembly, wherein the domain comprises alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids that are complementary and structurally compatible and self-assemble into a macroscopic structure when present in unmodified form; and
(b) a second amino acid domain that does not self-assemble in isolated form;
wherein the second amino acid domain comprises SEQ ID NO:33;
wherein, the first and second amino acid domains are covalently or non-covalently cross-linked to one another; and
wherein, the peptide self-assembles when present as the only peptide in a solution.
2. The self-assembling peptide of claim 1 , wherein the first amino acid domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 4.
3. The self-assembling peptide of claim 1 , wherein the first amino acid domain comprises RADA16-I peptide.
4. The self-assembling peptide of claim 1 , wherein the peptide assembles to form nanofibers.
5. The self-assembling peptide of claim 1 , wherein the peptide self-assembles to form a hydrogel.
6. A scaffold formed by self-assembly of the self-assembling peptides of claim 1 .
7. The scaffold of claim 6 , further comprising a plurality of cells attached to a surface of the scaffold or encapsulated within the scaffold.
8. The scaffold of claim 7 , wherein the cells are selected from the group consisting of chondrocytes, bone marrow cells, osteocytes, periosteal cells, perichondrial cells, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, hippocampal cells, epidermal cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, basal cells, spinous cells, granular cells, embryonic stem cells, ovarian cells, pancreatic cells, cervical cells, liver cells, foreskin cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, or precursors of any of the foregoing cell types.
9. The scaffold of claim 6 , wherein the scaffold is three-dimensional.
10. A kit comprising:
(a) the self-assembling peptide of claim 1 ;
(b) instructions for initiating self-assembly of the peptide into a macroscopic structure; and
(c) at least one element selected from the group consisting of: a population of cells, cell or tissue culture medium, a predetermined amount of a growth factor, a predetermined amount of an ion or salt thereof, instructions for preparing the self-assembling peptide for cell culture, instructions for culturing cells on or within a peptide hydrogel structure, instructions for introducing the self-assembling peptide into a subject, a vessel in which cell culture may be performed, a liquid in which the peptide can be dissolved, a syringe, an ion or salt thereof for initiating peptide self-assembly, and one or more growth or differentiation factors.
11. The self-assembling peptide of claim 1 wherein, the total number of amino acids that comprise the first and second amino acid domains is less than about 200.