Thermally-conductive, electrically non-conductive heat transfer material and articles made thereof
A heat transfer material comprised of a polymeric material and a nitride or oxide is provided and is thermally conductive, but electrically non-conductive. The polymeric material may be silicone rubber, and the nitride or oxide may be aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide or beryllium oxide. The material is made flexible by adding plasticizer and remains flexible after an extended period of use. A dielectric jacket for an electrical heating cable is thermally conductive and remains flexible so that it can be reused. The heat transfer material can be used on heating devices such as steam tubes and panels, where the heat transfer material does not bond to or adhere to the heated surface, which allows the heating device to be reused.
1. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) between about 40% and about 70% by volume polymeric material, and (2) between about 30% and about 60% by volume of a nitride or oxide filler material.
2. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material comprises silicone rubber.
3. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material comprises a polyolefin.
4. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, silicone gels, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastomer, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and epoxy.
5. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises aluminum nitride.
6. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and beryllium oxide.
7. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises between about 40 percent and about 50 percent by volume of the jacket.
8. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material comprises silicone rubber and the filler material comprises aluminum nitride.
9. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
10. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the heating cable comprises a self-regulating cable.
11. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the heating cable comprises a power limiting cable.
12. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the heating cable comprises a constant wattage cable.
13. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein the heating cable comprises a flexible cable.
14. The heating cable of claim 1 , wherein said jacket further comprises a plasticizer up to and including about 15% of the weight of the nitride or oxide.
15. An apparatus for heating railroad rails, comprising;
a heating cable comprising two conductors and a jacket, wherein said jacket is extruded around said conductors and has a composition comprising: (1) a polymeric material, and (2) a nitride or oxide filler material;
and at least one clip for securing said heating cable to a rail; wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein said jacket is substantially non-adhering to said rail.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein said heating cable is removable and reusable.
18. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) silicone rubber, and (2) oxide filler; and wherein the silicone rubber and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
19. The heating cable of claim 18 , wherein silicone rubber comprises between about 40% and about 70% by volume of the jacket and the oxide filler comprises between and about 30% and about 60% by volume of the jacket.
20. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor;
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) a polymeric material, and (2) aluminum nitride; and wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
21. The heating cable of claim 20 , wherein the polymeric material comprises silicone rubber.
22. The heating cable of claim 20 , wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
23. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) polymeric material, and (2) a nitride or oxide filler material, and wherein the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, silicone gels, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastomer, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and epoxy, wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
24. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor;
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises (1) polymeric material, and (2) between about 30% and about 60% by volume nitride or oxide filler material.
25. The heating cable of claim 24 , wherein the filler material comprises between about 40 percent and about 50 percent by volume of the jacket.
26. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) polymeric material, and (2) a nitride or oxide filler material, and wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
27. The heating cable of claim 26 , wherein the polymeric material comprises silicone rubber and the filler material comprises aluminum nitride.
28. The heating cable of claim 27 , wherein the aluminum nitride comprises between and about 30 percent and about 60 percent by volume of the jacket and the silicone rubber comprises between about 40% and about 70% by volume of the jacket.
29. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) polymeric material, and (2) a nitride or oxide filler material; wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher, and wherein the heating cable comprises a power limiting cable.
30. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors, wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) polymeric material, and (2) a nitride or oxide filler material; wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher, and wherein the heating cable comprises a constant wattage cable.
31. heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors,
wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) between about 40% and about 70% by volume polymeric material, and (2) between about 30% and about 60% by volume of a filler material.
32. The heating cable of claim 31 , wherein the polymeric material comprises silicone rubber.
33. The heating cable of claim 31 , wherein the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, silicone gels, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastomer, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and epoxy.
34. The heating cable of claim 31 , wherein the filler material comprises between about 40 percent and about 50 percent by volume of the jacket.
35. The heating cable of claim 31 , wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.
36. A heating cable, comprising:
a first electrical conductor;
a second electrical conductor; and
an extruded jacket covering said first and second electrical conductors, wherein the composition of said jacket comprises: (1) polymeric material, and (2) a filler material, and wherein the polymeric material and the filler material are present in amounts resulting in the jacket having an electrical resistivity of about 10 11 Ohms-cm or higher.