Scanning laser device and methods of use
In one aspect, the invention provides vision prosthesis systems. Exemplary vision prosthesis systems of the invention comprise a light energy generator operably connected to a wearable head piece comprising a device for directing light energy produced by the light energy generator onto a mammalian retina, wherein the light energy generator is tuned to emit light energy of sufficient power to modulate neural activity in the retina. In another aspect, the invention provides methods for irradiating neurons in the retina of the mammalian eye by directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina. The methods of the invention may be used to directly modulate the activity of retinal neurons or to introduce molecules into retinal cells.
1. A vision prosthesis system, comprising a light energy generator operably connected to a wearable head piece comprising a device for directing light energy produced by the light energy generator onto a mammalian retina, wherein the light energy generator is tuned to emit light energy of sufficient power to directly modulate neural activity in the retina in neurons other than rods and cones, and wherein the light energy generator is a light source selected form the group consisting of a femtosecond-pulsed light source and a picosecond-pulsed light source.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light energy generator is tuned to emit visible light energy.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light energy generator is tuned to emit ultraviolet light energy.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light energy generator is tuned to emit infrared light energy.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light energy generator is selected from the group consisting of a laser, a laser diode, a mercury arc lamp, and a light-emitting diode.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the device for directing light energy onto the mammalian retina is a scanner.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the scanner is selected from the group consisting of a fiber optic scanner, a mirror scanner, and an acousto-optical deflector.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the scanner is a non-resonant scanner.
9. The system of claim 6 further comprising an image source operably connected to the scanner.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the image source is a camera.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is controlled by a computer.
12. A method for modulating neural activity in the retina of a mammalian eye, comprising the step of directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina to directly modulate the activity of retinal neurons other than rods and cones, and wherein the eye comprises an artificial lens, the method further comprising the step of directing light energy through the artificial lens to focus the light energy onto the retina.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising generating a pattern of nerve impulses within the retina to construct a visual image.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina comprises directing light energy produced by a light energy generator selected from the group consisting of a laser, a laser diode, a mercury arc lamp, and a light-emitting diode onto a mammalian retina.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina comprises directing visible light energy onto the mammalian retina.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina comprises directing ultraviolet light energy onto the mammalian retina.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina comprises scanning the light energy onto the mammalian retina in raster format.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina comprises directing light energy scanned in vector graphics format onto the mammalian retina.