Liquid crystals with reduced toxicity and applications thereof
Liquid crystal compositions that exhibit little or no toxicity with respect to cells include liquid crystals with chemical functional groups such as fluorine atoms, fluorophenyl groups, or difluorophenyl groups. Liquid crystals with little or no toxicity to cell lines may be added to cell culture media or added to components used in cell culture media. Cells may be grown in cell culture media that includes liquid crystals that exhibit little or no toxicity to cells.
1. A liquid crystal composition, comprising:
at least one cell culture medium component selected from a vitamin, an amino acid, a growth factor, or combinations of these, and
at least two different liquid crystal compounds, wherein the first liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal both comprise at least one fluorine group, and at least one of the first liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal comprises a fluorinated phenyl group.
2. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated phenyl group is a difluorinated phenyl group.
3. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first liquid crystal or the second liquid crystal is a compound of the following formula wherein Z is a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, or hexadecyl group
4. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein both the first liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal are compounds of the following formula, wherein Z is a propyl group in the first liquid crystal and Z is a pentyl group in the second liquid crystal
5. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the first liquid crystal is 4′-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-propylbicyclohexyl and the second liquid crystal is 4′-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-pentylbicyclohexyl and the molar ratio of the first liquid crystal to the second liquid crystal ranges from 10:90 to 90:10.
6. The liquid crystal composition of claim 5 , wherein the molar ratio of the first liquid crystal to the second liquid crystal ranges from 45:55 to 55:45.
7. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cell culture medium component further comprises at least one vitamin and at least one amino acid.
8. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , further comprising a cell.
9. The liquid crystal composition of claim 8 , wherein the cell is a stem cell, a 3T3 fibroblast, or a SV-40 transformed human corneal epithelial cell.
10. The liquid crystal composition of claim 8 , wherein the cell is eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell.
11. The liquid crystal composition of claim 9 , wherein the cell is selected from a vertebrate cell, or an invertebrate cell.
12. The liquid crystal composition of claim 11 , wherein the vertebrate cell is selected from a fish cell, an amphibian cell, a reptile cell, a bird cell, or a mammal cell, and the invertebrate cell is selected from an annelid cell, a mollusk cell, or an insect cell.
13. The liquid crystal composition of claim 8 , wherein the cell is a human cell.
14. The liquid crystal composition of claim 8 , wherein the cell is a mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, monkey, ape, cat, dog, horse, pig, cow, plant, bacteria, or mycoplasmal cell.
15. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cystine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, glycine, L-histidine, hydroxy-L-proline, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-ornithine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-taurine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-valine, salts, and combinations thereof.
16. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the vitamin is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, D-biotin, choline, choline chloride, choline bitartrate, folic acid, myo-inositol, inositol, niacin, niacinamide, nicotinamide, p-aminobenzoic acid, D-pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, riboflavin, DL-thioctic acid, thiamine, vitamin B12, vitamin A alcohol, vitamin D-2, vitamin E, menadione, nicotinic acid, alpha-tocopherol, salts, and combinations thereof.
17. The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the growth factor is selected from the group consisting of epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2, transforming growth factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, endothelial cell growth factor, erythropoietin, interleukin 1 a, interleukin 1b, interleukin 2, interleukin 3, interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.