Method of making electroluminescent phosphors with small particle sizes and powder with D50 value of no more than 10 micrometers
An electroluminescent phosphor powder includes copper-activated zinc sulfide particles that have a size distribution with a D50 value of no more than 10 μm, where no more than 25% of the particles have a size greater than about 15 μm and/or a 24-hr brightness of at least 15 footlamberts. These particles are made by a method that includes first firing copper-doped zinc sulfide mixed with zinc oxide, sulfur and a chloride-containing flux, rapidly cooling the mixture to below 100° C., and then mulling and second firing the mixture to provide a powder. The powder can then be elutriated to provide the electroluminescent powder with a narrow particle size distribution (more than 90% between about 5 and 15 μm). The elutriating step can be avoided (albeit with a slightly wider size distribution) by more tightly controlling the first firing temperature.
1. An electroluminescent phosphor powder comprising copper-activated zinc sulfide particles that have a size distribution with a D 50 value of no more than 10 μm and where the particles have a 24-hr brightness of at least 15 footlamberts.
2. The powder of claim 1 , wherein more than 60% of the particles have a size in the range of about 5 μm to about 15 μm.
3. The powder of claim 2 , wherein more than 75% of the particles have a size in the range of about 5 μm to about 15 μm.
4. The powder of claim 3 , wherein more than 90% of the particles have a size in the range of about 5 μm to about 15 μm.
5. A method of making an electroluminescent phosphor powder comprising the steps of:
combining copper-doped zinc sulfide with zinc oxide, sulfur and a chloride-containing flux to form a mixture;
first firing the mixture at a temperature in a range of 1050-1150° C. for 25-90 minutes;
first cooling the fired mixture to below 100° C. in less than about 60 minutes;
mulling the cooled mixture to form a mulled mixture;
blending the mulled mixture with zinc oxide and a copper source;
second firing the mulled mixture at a temperature in a range of 700-850° C. for 1-4 hours;
second cooling the fired mulled mixture to provide an electroluminescent powder comprising copper-activated zinc sulfide particles that have a D 50 value of 12-17 μm; and
elutriating the cooled mulled mixture to provide an electroluminescent powder comprising copper-activated zinc sulfide particles that have a size distribution with a D 50 value of no more than 10 μm.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the copper-doped zinc sulfide includes chlorine before being combined to form the mixture.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein between the mulling step and the second firing step, the mulled mixture is washed with an hydrochloric acid followed by a wash with a basic DTPA-NaOH-H 2 O 2 solution to remove flux residue and copper sulfides from the particle surface.
8. A method of making an electroluminescent phosphor powder comprising the steps of:
combining copper-doped zinc sulfide with zinc oxide, sulfur and a chloride-containing flux to form a mixture;
first firing the mixture at a first temperature in a range of 1050-1085° C. for 25-55 minutes;
first cooling the fired mixture to below 100° C. in less than about 60 minutes;
mulling the cooled mixture to form a mulled mixture;
blending the mulled mixture with zinc oxide and a copper source;
second firing the mulled mixture at a second temperature in a range of 700-850° C. for 1-4 hours;
second cooling the fired mulled mixture; and
screening the cooled mulled mixture to provide an electroluminescent powder comprising copper-activated zinc sulfide particles that have a size distribution with a D 50 value of no more than 10 μm.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein between the mulling step and the second firing step, the mulled mixture is washed with hydrochloric acid followed by a wash with a basic DTPA-NaOH-H 2 O 2 solution to remove flux residue and copper sulfides from the particle surface.
10. An electroluminescent lamp, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a first dielectric layer containing a dielectric material, and a second dielectric layer containing an electroluminescent phosphor, the dielectric layers being located between the first and second electrodes and the phosphor comprising copper-activated zinc sulfide particles that have a size distribution with a D 50 value of no more than 10 μm and a 24-hr brightness of at least 15 footlamberts.