Chemical treatment for removing cellular and nuclear material from naturally occurring extracellular matrix-based biomaterials
A method is provided for sequential decellularization of an isolated tissue using solubilizing solutions comprising at least one oxidizing agent that removes all cellular and nuclear materials from the tissue while substantially maintaining the biological and, mechanical properties, and the biochemical properties of the resulting extracellular matrix.
1. A method of decellularizing a tissue by sequential extraction, comprising:
treating isolated tissue with a first solubilizing fluid comprising at least one oxidizing agent at a concentration effective to extract cellular and nuclear material from the tissue, the first solubilizing fluid further comprising at least one of a reactive hydroxyl radical generating agent and a reactive oxygen generating specie;
treating the isolated tissue with a second solubilizing fluid before treating the isolated tissue with the first solubilizing fluid, the second solubilizing fluid comprising at least one oxidizing agent, to remove cellular and nuclear material from the isolated tissue, the at least one oxidizing agent of the second solubilizing fluid being different than the at least one oxidizing agent of the first solubilizing fluid, the second solubilizing fluid further comprising a peroxy acid; and
washing the isolated tissue in a washing fluid to remove cellular debris, the method substantially maintaining the biochemical composition and the mechanical and biological properties of an extracellular matrix of the isolated tissue, the method resulting in the extracellular matrix of the tissue being at least about 60% substantially free of viable and non-viable nucleic acids.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent in the first solubilizing fluid is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and t-butyl hydroperoxide.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxidizing agent in the second solubilizing fluid is a peroxy acid selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid, perpropionic acid, perbenzoic acid, diperoxyphthalic acid and peroxyhexanoic acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent in the first solubilizing fluid comprises hydrogen peroxide.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the oxidizing agent in the second solubilizing fluid comprises peracetic acid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent in the second solubilizing fluid is a peroxy acid selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid, perpropionic acid, perbenzoic acid, diperoxyphthalic acid and peroxyhexanoic acid.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent in the second solubilizing fluid comprises peracetic acid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the washing solution is selected from the group consisting of distilled water, physiological buffer and culture medium.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solubilizing fluid further comprises a combination of oxidizing agents.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the combination comprises hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second solubilizing fluid further comprises a combination of oxidizing agents.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the combination comprises hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising equilibrating the decellularized tissue in equilibrating fluid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decellularized tissue is further dehydrated.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracellular matrix of tissue comprises small intestine submucosa.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue being at least about 80% substantially free of viable and non-viable nucleic acids.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue being at least about 95% substantially free of viable and non-viable nucleic acids.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue being at least about 70% substantially free of viable and non-viable nucleic acids.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue being at least about 90% substantially free of viable and non-viable nucleic acids.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue being at least about 100% substantially free of viable and non-viable nucleic acids.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue having a viable and non-viable nucleic acid content in a range of about 0.5 micrograms/mg to about 50 micrograms/mg.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue having a viable and non-viable nucleic acid content in a range of about 3.5 micrograms/mg to about 35 micrograms/mg.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue having a viable and non-viable nucleic acid content in a range of about 0.2 micrograms/mg to about 20 micrograms/mg.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in the extracellular matrix of the tissue having a viable and non-viable nucleic acid content in a range of about 0.1 micrograms/mg to about 10 micrograms/mg.