Anode inlet unit for a fuel cell system
A fuel cell system that employs one or more injectors in an anode inlet unit for providing hydrogen flow control to a fuel cell stack in the system. At a low flow rate, the duty cycle of one of the injectors is controlled and the other injectors are closed. As the flow rate requirements increase, the duty cycle of the first injector is increased until it is completely open. The duty cycles of the other injectors are then controlled in the same manner in succession. The anode inlet unit may include a valve for directing the hydrogen supply gas to other devices in the fuel cell system. Additionally, a valve can be provided in the unit that receives a flow of air to purge the anode side of the fuel cell stack.
1 . A fuel cell system comprising:
a hydrogen source;
a fuel cell stack; and
a hydrogen inlet unit responsive to a flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen source and providing a controlled flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen source to the fuel stack at a desired flow rate, said inlet unit including at least one injector having a duty cycle that sets the flow rate to the fuel cell stack.
2 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 wherein the at least one injector is three injectors that are sequentially controlled to increase or decrease the hydrogen flow rate to the fuel cell stack.
3 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 further comprising a valve for directing a hydrogen flow to another component in the fuel cell system other than an anode side of the fuel cell stack.
4 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 further comprising a valve that is responsive to an input airflow for purging an anode side of the fuel cell stack.
5 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 wherein the at least one injector is a plurality of injectors where at least one of the injectors directs a controlled flow to the fuel cell stack and at least one other injector directs a flow of hydrogen to another fuel cell stack.
6 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 wherein the hydrogen source is a hydrogen tank for storing hydrogen.
7 . The fuel cell system according to claim 6 wherein the fuel cell system is on a vehicle.
8 . A fuel cell system for a vehicle, said system comprising:
a hydrogen tank for storing hydrogen;
a fuel cell stack; and
a hydrogen inlet unit responsive to a flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank and providing a controlled flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank to the fuel stack at a desired flow rate, said inlet unit including a plurality of injectors having duty cycles that set the flow rate to the fuel cell stack.
9 . The fuel cell system according to claim 8 wherein the at least one injector is three injectors that are sequentially controlled to increase or decrease the hydrogen flow rate to the fuel cell stack.
10 . The fuel cell system according to claim 8 further comprising a valve for directing a hydrogen flow to another component in the fuel cell system other than an anode side of the fuel cell stack.
11 . The fuel cell system according to claim 8 further comprising a valve that is responsive to an input airflow for purging an anode side of the fuel cell stack.
12 . The fuel cell system according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of injectors includes a plurality of injectors for direct a controlled flow to the fuel cell stack and a plurality of other injector for directing a flow of hydrogen to another fuel cell stack.
13 . A method for controlling the flow of a hydrogen gas to a fuel cell stack, said method comprising:
providing at least one injector;
providing a pressurized flow of hydrogen gas to the at least one injector; and
controlling the duty cycle of the at least one injector to control the flow rate of hydrogen gas from the injector to the fuel cell stack.
14 . The method according to claim 13 wherein providing at least one injector includes providing a plurality of injectors and wherein controlling the duty cycle of the at least one injector includes sequentially controlling the duty cycle of the plurality of injectors to control the flow rate of hydrogen gas from the injector to the fuel cell stack.
15 . The method according to claim 14 wherein providing at least one injector includes providing three injectors.
16 . The method according to claim 13 further comprising providing a valve for directing a hydrogen flow to another component in the fuel cell system other than an anode side of the fuel cell stack.
17 . The method according to claim 13 further comprising providing a valve that is responsive to an input airflow for purging an anode side of the fuel cell stack.
18 . The method according to claim 13 wherein providing at least one injector includes providing a plurality of injectors where some of the injectors control the hydrogen gas flow to the fuel cell stack and some of the injectors control a hydrogen flow to another fuel cell stack.
19 . The method according to claim 13 wherein providing a flow of hydrogen gas to the at least one injector includes providing a flow of hydrogen gas to the at least one injector from a hydrogen tank.
20 . The method according to claim 19 wherein the hydrogen tank is on a vehicle.