Fast system for detecting detectible combustion products and method for making and using same
An fast analytical system and associated method is disclosed for analytically quantifying oxides of a sample for a given concentration of a desired element in the sample, where the system includes a sample supply system, an oxidizing agent supply system, a furnace system, a detection chamber, a transfer tube interconnecting the detection chamber and the furnace, where the chamber and the transfer line are maintained at an elevated temperature sufficient to reduce or prevent water vapor condensation in either the reaction chamber or the transfer line.
1 . An apparatus for fast detection of a sample comprising:
a furnace system including a combustion zone having an inlet and an outlet and a heater adapted to maintain the combustion zone at a first elevated temperature;
a sample supply system adapted to supply a sample to the combustion zone inlet;
an oxidizing agent supply system adapted to supply an oxidizing agent to the combustion zone inlet;
a detection system including:
a detection chamber having
a detection chamber inlet, and
a detection chamber outlet,
a transfer line interconnecting the combustion outlet and the detection chamber inlet, a heater system adapted to maintain the detection chamber and the transfer tube at a second elevated temperature,
a detector adapted to detect a detectable property of at least one oxide in the oxidized mixture, and
an analyzer adapted to convert an output from the detector into a concentration of an element in the sample,
where the first elevated temperature is sufficient to oxidize all or substantially all oxidizable sample components to their corresponding oxides and water and the second elevated temperature is sufficient to prevent or eliminate water vapor condensation in the transfer line and the detection chamber.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the detection system further includes an excitation source in optical communication with an excitation light source port of the detection chamber, wherein the detector is a photo detector and wherein the detectable property is UV fluorescent light emitted from at least one oxide in an electronically excited state.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a fuel.
4 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, kerosine, jet fuel, diesel fuel, other hydrocarbon based fuels and mixtures or combinations thereof.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a chemical reactor stream.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a refinery stream.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur and mixtures or combinations thereof.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the element is sulfur.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the element is nitrogen.
10 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the element is nitrogen, sulfur or mixtures or combinations thereof.
11 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the element is sulfur.
12 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the element is nitrogen.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cycle time of the apparatus is at least 2 times less than a cycle time for a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cycle time of the apparatus is at least 3 times less than a cycle time for a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cycle time of the apparatus is at least 4 times less than a cycle time for a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
15 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cycle time of the apparatus is less than or equal to 2 minutes.
16 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cycle time of the apparatus is less than or equal to 1 minute.
17 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cycle time of the apparatus is less than 1 minute.
18 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample supply system is selected from the group consisting of an auto-sampler, a septum for direct injection, a sampling loop for continuous sampling, an analytical separation system and mixture or combinations thereof.
19 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the analytical separation system is selected from the group consisting of a GC, an LC, an MPLC, an HPLC, an LPLC, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
20 . An apparatus for fast detection of a sample comprising:
a sample supply unit;
an oxidizing agent supply unit;
a furnace including:
a combustion zone and
a heater adapted to maintain the combustion zone at a temperature sufficient to oxidize oxidizable components of the sample into their corresponding oxides and water forming an oxidized mixture; and
a detection system including:
a detection chamber,
a transfer tube interconnecting the furnace and the detection chamber,
an excitation source in optical communication with the detection chamber,
a photo detector in optical communication with the detection chamber for detecting UV fluorescent light emitted from the at least one oxide in an electronically excited state and
an analyzer adapted to convert an output of the photo detector into a concentration in the sample of an element of the at least one oxide.
21 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the sample is a fuel.
22 . The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is gasoline, kerosine, jet fuel, diesel fuel, or any other hydrocarbon based fuel.
23 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the sample is an effluent from a chemical reactor.
24 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the sample is a refinery stream.
25 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the element is nitrogen, sulfur or mixtures or combinations thereof.
26 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the element is sulfur.
27 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the element is nitrogen.
28 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is 2 or more times less than a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
29 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is 3 or more times less than a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
30 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is 4 or more times less than a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
31 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is less than or equal to 2 minutes.
32 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is less than or equal to 1 minute.
33 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is less than 1 minute.
34 . A method comprising the steps of:
feeding a sample to an apparatus comprising:
a sample supply unit;
an oxidizing agent supply unit;
a furnace including:
a combustion zone and
a heater adapted to maintain the combustion zone at a temperature sufficient to oxidize oxidizable components of the sample into their corresponding oxides and water;
a detection system including:
a detection chamber,
a transfer tube interconnecting the furnace and the detection chamber,
an excitation source in optical communication with the detection chamber,
a photo detector in optical communication with the detection chamber for detecting UV fluorescent light emitted from the at least one oxide in an electronically excited state and
an analyzer adapted to convert an output of the photo detector into a concentration in the sample of an element of the at least one oxide,
oxidizing the oxidizable components of the sample into their corresponding oxides and water forming an oxidized mixture;
forwarding the oxidized mixture to the detection chamber,
exciting at least one oxide in the oxidized mixture with excitation light, and
determining a concentration of an element in the sample from an intensity of light emitted by the excited at least on oxide.
35 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the sample is a fuel.
36 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the fuel is gasoline, kerosine, jet fuel, diesel fuel, or any other hydrocarbon based fuel.
37 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the sample is an effluent from a chemical reactor.
38 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the sample is a refinery stream.
39 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the element is nitrogen, sulfur or mixtures or combinations thereof.
40 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the element is sulfur.
41 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the element is nitrogen.
42 . The method of claim 34 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is 2 or more times less than a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
43 . The method of claim 34 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is 3 or more times less than a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
44 . The method of claim 34 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is 4 or more times less than a system in the absence of a heated transfer line and a heated detection chamber.
45 . The method of claim 34 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is less than or equal to 2 minutes.
46 . The method of claim 34 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is less than or equal to 1 minute.
47 . The method of claim 34 , wherein a cycle time from sample introduction to concentration determination is less than 1 minute.