Bioequivalence test for iron-containing formulations
A rapid method for assessing the bioequivalence of iron in iron-supplement formulations, particularly iron-sucrose formulations is described, which is based upon the kinetics of reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) in a sample of the formulation. Quality control methods and associated kits also are described.
1. A quality control apparatus for monitoring the reduction kinetics of an iron carbohydrate complex formed as a product of a reaction between a colloidal ferric hydroxide gel and a saturated carbohydrate solution comprising a computer-monitored production system that measures a T 75 value for the reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) in the iron carbohydrate complex at different stages of the reduction.
2. The quality control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein iron (III) is reduced to iron (II) using a reducing agent comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of reduced flavin mononucleotide, dithionite, thioglycolate, hydroquinone, lactate, citrate, bicarbonate, pyruvate, succinate, fructose, cysteine, sorbitol, and ascorbic acid.
3. The quality control apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent comprises ascorbic acid.
4. The quality control apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent is present in an amount sufficient to drive the reduction of the complex to substantial completion.
5. The quality control apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent is present in at least about a 50-fold excess to the iron carbohydrate complex.
6. The quality control apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent is in solution and has an acidic pH.
7. The quality control apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the solution has a pH of about 1.0 to about 4.0.
8. The quality control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate of the iron-carbohydrate complex comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran, dextrin, gluconate, sorbitol and sucrose.
9. The quality control apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises sucrose.
10. The quality control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the computer-monitored production system plots the percent reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) of the iron carbohydrate complex as a function of time.
11. The quality control apparatus of claim 10 , wherein a logarithmic plot of percent reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) of the iron carbohydrate complex is linear.
12. A quality control apparatus for monitoring the reduction kinetics of an iron carbohydrate complex formed as a product of a reaction between a colloidal ferric hydroxide gel and a saturated carbohydrate solution comprising a computer-monitored production system that provides a reduction reaction plot of Log (% trivalent iron colloid concentration) versus time for the reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) in the iron carbohydrate complex at different stages of the reduction.
13. The quality control apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein iron (III) is reduced to iron (II) using a reducing agent comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of reduced flavin mononucleotide, dithionite, thioglycolate, hydroquinone, lactate, citrate, bicarbonate, pyruvate, succinate, fructose, cysteine, sorbitol, and ascorbic acid.
14. The quality control apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the reducing agent comprises ascorbic acid.
15. The quality control apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the reducing agent is present in an amount sufficient to drive the reduction of the complex to substantial completion.
16. The quality control apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the reducing agent is present in at least about a 50-fold excess to the iron carbohydrate complex.
17. The quality control apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the reducing agent is in solution and has an acidic pH.
18. The quality control apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the solution has a pH of about 1.0 to about 4.0.
19. The quality control apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the carbohydrate of the iron-carbohydrate complex comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran, dextrin, gluconate, sorbitol and sucrose.
20. The quality control apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises sucrose.
21. The quality control apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the computer-monitored production system plots the percent reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) of the iron carbohydrate complex as a function of time.
22. The quality control apparatus of claim 21 , wherein a logarithmic plot of percent reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) of the iron carbohydrate complex is linear.