Base-facilitated production of hydrogen from carbonaceous matter
A base-facilitated process for producing hydrogen. Hydrogen is produced from a reaction of carbonaceous matter with a base and water, preferably through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate by-product. The base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous and are able to produce hydrogen gas at less extreme reaction conditions than conventional reformation or gasification reactions of carbonaceous matter. In another embodiment, the instant reactions permit the production of hydrogen from carbonaceous matter without the production of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonaceous matter is coal or a derivative thereof.
1. A process for producing hydrogen gas comprising the step of reacting carbonaceous matter with a base to form said hydrogen gas, said carbonaceous matter comprising carbon, wherein the weight percent of carbon in said carbonaceous matter is between 45% and 95%;
wherein said reaction step includes an electrochemical reaction, said electrochemical reaction occurring in an electrochemical cell into which said carbonaceous matter, said base and an electrolyte are placed to form an electrochemical reaction system, said electrochemical cell including an anode and cathode in contact with said electrochemical system, said electrochemical reaction being initiated upon applying a voltage between said anode and said cathode.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of carbon in said carbonaceous matter is between 50% and 90%.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of carbon in said carbonaceous matter is between 55% and 85% by weight.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of carbon in said carbonaceous matter is between 60% and 75%.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carbonaceous matter further comprises hydrogen.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the carbon/hydrogen weight percent ratio is greater than 6.
7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the carbon/hydrogen weight percent ratio is greater than 8.
8. The process of claim 5 , wherein the carbon/hydrogen weight percent ratio is greater than 10.
9. The process of claim 5 , wherein the carbon/hydrogen weight percent ratio is greater than 12.
10. The process of claim 5 , wherein the carbon/hydrogen weight percent ratio is greater than 16.
11. The process of claim 5 , wherein said carbonaceous matter further comprises oxygen.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein said carbonaceous matter further comprises nitrogen.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carbonaceous matter is coal.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the rank of said coal is lignite.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the rank of said coal is sub-bituminous.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein the rank of said coal is bituminous.
17. The process of claim 13 , wherein the rank of said coal is anthracite.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carbonaceous matter is coke, coal tar or peat.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carbonaceous mater comprises amorphous carbon.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carbonaceous matter undergoes said hydrogen-producing reaction in the solid phase.
21. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carbonaceous mailer and said base undergo said hydrogen-producing reaction in the presence of liquid water or water vapor.
22. The process of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen-producing reaction does not form carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.
23. The process of claim 1 , wherein said base comprises a hydroxide compound.
24. The process of claim 23 , wherein said hydroxide compound is a metal hydroxide compound.
25. The process of claim 24 , wherein said metal hydroxide compound is an alkali metal hydroxide compound.
26. The process of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen-producing reaction further forms a carbonate or bicarbonate compound.
27. The process of claim 26 , further including the step of reacting said carbonate or bicarbonate compound with a metal hydroxide compound.
28. The process of claim 27 , further including the step of thermally decomposing said carbonate or bicarbonate precipitate, said thermal decomposition step producing a metal oxide.
29. The process of claim 1 , wherein said base is a metal hydroxide.