Prevention of ice formation by applying electric power to a liquid water layer
A first electrode is separated from a second electrode by an interelectrode space. The interelectrode space does not exceed 3 mm, and preferably does not exceed 100 μm. Liquid water fills the interelectrode space, thereby electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode. A power supply, preferably low-frequency AC, is connected to the first and second electrodes, generating a current through the water in the interelectrode space. The applied electric power prevents freezing of a thin liquid water layer in the interelectrode space, thereby preventing ice formation.
1. A method for preventing ice formation in a liquid water layer by flowing an electric current through the liquid water layer, comprising:
providing a first electrode on a surface;
providing a second electrode proximate to the first electrode, thereby forming an interelectrode space between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the liquid water layer is disposed in the interelectrode space; and
applying electric power between the first and second electrodes, the power being sufficient to depress the freezing point of the liquid water layer in the interelectrode space,
wherein the freezing point is depressed from 1° C. to 80° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying electric power causes a current density in the liquid water layer in the interelectrode space in a range of from 10 to 100 mA/cm 2 .
3. A system for preventing ice formation on a surface of a solid object, comprising:
a first electrode disposed on the surface;
a second electrode covering the first electrode and being porous to water, the
second electrode and first electrode being separated by an interelectrode space; and
a DC power source connected to the first and second electrodes, the power source capable of providing a DC voltage with sufficient power to prevent freezing of a liquid water layer in the interelectrode space.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the power source is capable of providing a current density in a liquid water layer in the interelectrode space in a range of from 1 to 100 mA/cm 2 .