High temperature spiral snake superconducting resonator having wider runs with higher current density
Novel structures and methods for forming useful high temperature superconducting devices, most particularly resonators, are provided. Structures resulting in reduced peak current densities relative to known structures achieve numerous desirable benefits, especially including the reduced intermodulation effects of earlier resonators. In one aspect of this invention, a spiral in, spiral out resonator is provided, characterized in that it has an odd number of long runs, at least equal to five long runs, where the long runs are connected by turns, and wherein there are at least two sequential turns of the same handedness, followed by at least two turns of the opposite handedness. In yet another aspect of this invention, it has been discovered that reducing the size of the input and output pads of HTS resonators increases the relative inductance compared to the capacitance. Yet another resonator structure is a spiral snake resonator having a terminal end disposed within the resonator. A wide in the middle structure and wide at peak current density resonator structures utilize enlarged width portions of the resonator in those areas where current density is largest. In yet another aspect of this invention, operation of resonators in high modes, above the fundamental mode, reduce peak current densities. Resonators operated in modes in which current in adjacent long runs are in the same direction further serve to reduce current densities, and intermodulation effects. Symmetric current structures and modes of operation are particularly advantageous where far field effects are compensated for.
1. A snake resonator, comprising:
a plurality of N long runs, each one of the plurality of N long runs having two ends; and
a plurality of turns connecting the plurality of N long runs to each other in a spiral snake configuration, characterized in that one end of a first long run of the plurality of N long runs is connected to one end of a second long run of the plurality of N long runs by a first turn of the plurality of turns, the other end of the second long run is connected to one end of a third long run of the plurality of N long runs by a second turn of the plurality of turns, the remaining long runs of the plurality of N long runs being by repeating the connections of the first, second and third long run for the remaining plurality of N long runs using the remaining plurality of turns starting at the other end of the third long run and terminating at one end of the Nth long run of the plurality of N long runs;
wherein certain ones of the long runs are wider than certain other ones of the long runs, the wider runs being those that would have a higher current density if all runs were of equal width.
2. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein there are three long runs.
3. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein there are four long runs.
4. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein N is 5.
5. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein N is 7.
6. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein N is 9.
7. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein N≧9.
8. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the plurality of N long runs are substantially parallel to each other and the spacing between adjacent long runs of the plurality of N long runs is substantially constant.
9. The snake resonator of claim 8 wherein a ratio of the width between at least two adjacent long runs of the plurality of N long runs is approximately 2:3.
10. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the plurality of N long runs are substantially parallel to each other and a ratio of the width between at least two adjacent long runs of the plurality of N long runs is approximately 2:3.
11. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the snake resonator has a fundamental resonant frequency and the snake resonator defines an electrical length substantially equal to ½ the wavelength of the fundamental resonant frequency.
12. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the resonator has a Q of at least 1,000.
13. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the resonator has a Q of at least 10,000.
14. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the resonator has a Q of at least 50,000.
15. The snake resonator of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of N long runs and the plurality of turns are comprised of a high temperature super conducting material.
16. The snake resonator of claim 15 wherein the high temperature superconducting material is a thallium containing superconductor.
17. The snake resonator of claim 15 wherein the high temperature superconducting material is a YBCO high temperature superconductor.
18. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the plurality of N long runs and turns are formed in a thin film disposed on a substrate.
19. The snake resonator of claim 18 wherein a ground plane is disposed on the substrate.
20. The snake resonator of claim 1 wherein the snake resonator is a spiral-in, spiral-out resonator.
21. A snake resonator, comprising:
a plurality of N long runs, each one of the plurality of N long runs having two ends; and
a plurality of turns connecting the plurality of N long runs to each other in a snake configuration, characterized in that one end of a first long run of the plurality of N long runs is connected to one end of a second long run of the plurality of N long runs by a first turn of the plurality of turns, the other end of the second long run is connected to one end of a third long run of the plurality of N long runs by a second turn of the plurality of turns, the remaining long runs of the plurality of N long runs being by repeating the connections of the first, second and third long run for the remaining plurality of N long runs using the remaining plurality of turns starting at the other end of the third long run and terminating at one end of the Nth long run of the plurality of N long runs, wherein the plurality of N long runs are substantially parallel to each other and a ratio of the width between at least two adjacent long runs of the plurality of N long runs is approximately 2:3;
wherein certain ones of the long runs are wider than certain other ones of the long runs, the wider runs being those that would have a higher current density if all runs were of equal width.
22. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the snake resonator is a spiral-in, spiral-out resonator.
23. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the snake resonator is a zig-zag resonator.
24. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein there are three long runs.
25. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein there are four long runs.
26. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein N is 5.
27. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein N is 7.
28. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein N is 9.
29. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein N≧9.
30. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the spacing between adjacent long runs of the plurality of N long runs is substantially constant.
31. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the snake resonator has a fundamental resonant frequency and the snake resonator defines an electrical length substantially equal to ½ the wavelength of the fundamental resonant frequency.
32. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the resonator has a Q of at least 1,000.
33. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the resonator has a Q of at least 10,000.
34. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the resonator has a Q of at least 50,000.
35. The snake resonator of claim 21 , wherein the plurality of N long runs and the plurality of turns are comprised of a high temperature super conducting material.
36. The snake resonator of claim 35 wherein the high temperature superconducting material is a thallium containing superconductor.
37. The snake resonator of claim 35 wherein the high temperature superconducting material is a YBCO high temperature superconductor.
38. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the plurality of N long runs and turns are formed in a thin film disposed on a substrate.
39. The snake resonator of claim 38 wherein a ground plane is disposed on the substrate.
40. The snake resonator of claim 21 wherein the snake resonator is a spiral resonator.