Systems and methods for auto gain control in Bi-CMOS digital to analog converters
View Patent ↗The accuracy of output power in a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is critical in certain applications. When bi-CMOS technology is used to implement a DAC, a number of factors affect the gain accuracy of the DAC. The present invention provides a circuit architecture to reduce the variation in these factors to ensure the accuracy of the output power of a DAC. The architecture comprises a bandgap portion, replica circuit and a DAC. The bandgap portion of the architecture provides a constant voltage, while the replica circuit provide a correct current to drive the DAC.
1. A digital to analog auto gain control system, comprising:
a constant voltage source;
a replica circuit coupled to said constant voltage source, wherein said replica circuit includes resistors and a beta compensation module having bipolar devices;
a digital-to-analog converter having bipolar devices coupled to said replica circuit, wherein said replica circuit provides a current to said digital-to-analog converter such that a voltage drop across said resistors tracks with a voltage of said constant voltage, wherein said beta compensation module compensates for a beta current loss in said digital-to-analog converter, wherein said beta compensation module bipolar devices mimic said digital-to-analog bipolar devices.
2. The digital-to-analog auto gain control system of claim 1 , wherein said replica circuit further comprises an operational amplifier that forces said current to said digital-to-analog converter such that a voltage drop across said resistors track with a voltage of said constant voltage.
3. The digital-to-analog auto gain control system of claim 1 , wherein said constant voltage source is provided by an external voltage reference.
4. The digital-to-analog auto gain control system of claim 1 , wherein said beta current compensation module comprises a transistor and current source.
5. The digital-to-analog auto gain control system of claim 1 , wherein said digital-to-analog auto gain control system compensates for potential performance degradation of said digital-to-analog converter attributable to manufacturing process variation of components of said digital-to-analog converter.
6. The digital-to-analog auto gain control system of claim 1 , wherein said digital-to-analog auto gain control system compensates for potential performance degradation of said digital-to-analog converter attributable to operating temperature variation.
7. A method for auto gain control in a digital-to-analog converter system having a digital-to-analog converter that includes bipolar devices and a beta compensation module that includes bipolar devices, comprising:
(a) receiving a digital code word;
(b) generating a constant current source based on a constant voltage source;
(c) reducing performance variations attributable to process variations, temperature changes and/or supply voltage variations;
(d) mimicking bipolar device operation within the digital to-analog converter with bipolar devices in the beta compensation module to compensate for beta current loss in the digital-to-analog converter; and
(e) outputting a converted analog signal based on the received digital code word.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said digital-to-analog converter is located on a chip with on-chip and off-chip resistors, wherein said reducing performance variations includes compensating for on-chip resistor variations and off-chip resistor variations.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the circuit layout of a differential pair includes more than one differential pair and multiple bipolar devices.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein reducing performance variations includes supplying a constant voltage source.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein reducing performance variations includes forcing a constant current source into the digital-to-analog converter.