Low cost lead-free preplated leadframe having improved adhesion and solderability
A leadframe with a structure made of a base metal ( 105 ), wherein the structure has a plurality of surfaces. On each of these surfaces are metal layers in a stack adherent to the base metal. The stack comprises a nickel layer ( 201 ) in contact with the base metal, a palladium layer ( 202 ) in contact with the nickel layer, and an outermost tin layer ( 203 ) in contact with the palladium layer. In terms of preferred layer thicknesses, the nickel layer is between about 0.5 and 2.0 μm thick, the palladium layer between about 5 and 150 nm thick, and the tin layer less than about 5 nm thick, preferably about 3 nm. At this thinness, the tin has no capability of forming whiskers, but offers superb adhesion to polymeric encapsulation materials, improved characteristics for reliable stitch bonding as well as affinity to reflow metals (solders).
1. A method for fabricating a leadframe comprising the steps of:
providing a structured base metal strip having a plurality of surfaces; and
plating a stack of metal layers adherent to said base metal on each of said structured surfaces, said step comprising consecutively:
plating a nickel layer covering substantially said base metal;
plating a palladium layer covering substantially said nickel layer; and
plating an outermost tin layer penetrable during a stitch-bonding operation, covering substantially said palladium layer.
2. The leadframe according to claim 1 wherein said nickel layer has a thickness between about 0.5 and 2.0 μm.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said palladium layer has a thickness between about 5 and 150 nm.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said tin layer has a thickness less than about 5 nm.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein said tin layer has a thickness of about 3 nm.
6. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of plating said tin layer so that it leaves selected windows open to the underlying palladium layer.
7. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of selectively plating a layer of silver in contact with said tin layer.