Multi signature verification system, electronic signature attaching apparatus, data addition apparatus, and electronic signature verification apparatus

1. A multi-signature verification system configured to add an additional data to an original data previously created and configured to verify the original data and the additional data, the system comprising:

an electronic signature attaching apparatus including an electronic signature attaching unit configured to attach an electronic signature to the original data previously created, to a first trapdoor hash value created by a data addition apparatus, and to an identification information;

the data addition apparatus including:

a data adding unit configured to add additional data including at least new created data to the original data; and

a determination value calculating unit configured to calculate a determination value distinct from the electronic signature, such that an output of a trapdoor hash function using the determination value and the additional data as an input is equal to the first trapdoor hash value created by the data addition apparatus; and

an electronic signature verification apparatus including:

a trapdoor hash value calculating unit configured to calculate a second trapdoor hash value based on the additional data and the determination value; and

a verifying unit configured to verify the additional data by comparing the second trapdoor hash value calculated by the trapdoor hash value calculating unit and the first trapdoor hash value created by the data addition apparatus, wherein

the identification information identifies the data addition apparatus which has created the first trapdoor hash value.

2. The multi signature verification system of claim 1 , wherein the identification information is parameters created when the first trapdoor hash value is created.

3. A data addition apparatus attaching new data to original data created in an electronic signature attaching apparatus, comprising:

a trapdoor hash value creating unit configured to create a first trapdoor hash value;

a first outputting unit configured to output the first trapdoor hash value created by the trapdoor hash value creating unit and identification information identifying a data addition apparatus which has created the first trapdoor hash value;

a data adding unit configured to add additional data including at least new created data to the original data;

a determination value calculating unit configured to calculate a determination value distinct from the electronic signature, such that a second trapdoor hash value output from a trapdoor hash function using the determination value and the additional data as input is equal to the first trapdoor hash value created by the trapdoor hash value creating unit; and

a second outputting unit configured to output the additional data and the determination value.

4. The data addition apparatus of claim 3 , wherein

the data addition apparatus corresponds to i data addition apparatuses; and

the additional data added by the data adding unit of i-th data addition apparatus includes a i−1-th trapdoor hash value and a i−1-th identification information which are outputted by the first outputting unit of the i−1-th data addition apparatus, in addition to new created data output by the i-th data addition apparatus.

5. The data addition apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising an acquiring unit configured to acquire a trapdoor hash value and a piece of identification information from each of (i+1)-th to (i+m)-th data addition apparatuses, m being a natural number not less than 1,

wherein the additional data includes new created data and a trapdoor hash value and identification information acquired by each of the (i+1)-th to (i+m)-th data addition apparatuses.

6. The data addition apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a creating unit configured to create a place holder specifying a place where the data is added.

7. An electronic signature verification apparatus configured to verify original data previously created and additional data added to the original data, the apparatus comprising:

a data acquiring unit configured to acquire the additional data including at least new created data and a determination value, the determination value being a value such that a first trapdoor hash value output from a trapdoor hash function using the determination value and the additional data as an input is equal to a second trapdoor hash value created by a data addition apparatus;

a trapdoor hash value calculating unit configured to calculate the first trapdoor hash value based on the additional data and the determination value, the determination value being distinct from the electronic signature; and

a verifying unit configured to verify the additional data by comparing the first trapdoor hash value calculated by the trapdoor hash value calculating unit and the second trapdoor hash value created by the data addition apparatus.

8. The electronic signature verification apparatus of claim 7 , wherein

the electronic signature verification apparatus is configured to acquire data including n pieces of additional data each including a trapdoor hash value, n being a natural number not less than 1, and

the trapdoor hash value calculating unit is configured to calculate first to n-th trapdoor hash values based on first to n-th pieces of additional data and first to n-th determination values, and

the verifying unit is configured to verify first to n-th additional data by comparing the first to n-th trapdoor hash values included in the acquired data and the first to n-th trapdoor hash values calculated by the trapdoor hash value calculating unit.

9. The electronic signature verification apparatus of claim 7 , wherein

the electronic signature verification apparatus is configured to acquire data including n pieces of additional data each including no trapdoor hash value, n being a natural number not less than 1, and

the trapdoor hash value calculating unit is configured to recursively repeat a calculation step until the first trapdoor hash value is calculated, the calculation step being calculating the n-th trapdoor hash value based on the n-th additional data and the n-th determination value and calculating the (n−1)-th trapdoor hash value based on the (n−1)-th additional data, the n-th trapdoor hash value, and the (n−1)-th determination value, and

the verifying unit is configured to verify the first to n-th additional data by verifying the first to n-th trapdoor hash values by use of the electronic signature.