Soluble, functional apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 fragments
The structure of a soluble, functional fragment of human Apaf-1 protein having ADP bound thereto is disclosed. The invention includes such soluble, functional fragments of human Apaf-1 and other metazoan Apaf-1 homologs. Also included in the invention are methods of making such fragments and methods of using them, for example in screening methods to identify adenine nucleotide analogs and other compounds useful for alleviating or preventing disease conditions associated with inappropriate regulation of apoptosis.
1. An isolated soluble, functional fragment of a metazoan apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), the fragment having an amino acid sequence that comprises residues 94-349 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and lacking a portion of the WD40 repeat domain of the factor, wherein the native full-length amino acid sequence of the factor comprises SEQ ID NO: 1.
2. The fragment of claim 1 , wherein the factor is Apaf-1 of a chordate.
3. The fragment of claim 1 , wherein the factor is human Apaf-1.
4. The fragment of claim 1 , wherein the cysteine residue present at residue 115 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is altered to be a serine residue.
5. The fragment of claim 1 , wherein the lysine residue present at residue 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is altered to be an arginine residue.
6. The fragment of claim 1 , having an amino acid sequence that comprises residues 1-349 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
7. The fragment of claim 1 , having an amino acid sequence that comprises residues 94-589 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
8. The fragment of claim 7 , wherein the cysteine residue present at residue 568 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is altered to be a serine residue.
9. The fragment of claim 1 , having an amino acid sequence that comprises residues 1-591 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
10. The fragment of claim 1 , comprising most of the helical domain I of the factor.
11. The fragment of claim 1 , further comprising the CARD domain of the factor.
12. The fragment of claim 1 , further comprising the winged-helix domain of the factor.
13. The fragment of claim 12 , further comprising at least most of the helical domain II of the factor.
14. The fragment of claim 1 , comprising the entire helical domain I of the factor and further comprising the CARD domain, the winged-helix domain, and most of the helical domain II of the factor.
15. The fragment of claim 14 , comprising the entire helical domain II and at least a portion of the WD40 repeat domain of the factor.