Cathode compositions for lithium-ion batteries
A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li[M 1 (1-x) Mn x ]O 2 where 0<x<1 and M 1 represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that M 1 is a metal element other than chromium. The composition is in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30° C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.
1. A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery in which the cathode composition has the formula Li[Li (1-2y)/3 M 2 y Mn (2-y)/3 ]O 2 ,
where 0.083<y<0.5 and M 2 represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that M 2 is a metal element other than chromium,
said composition characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30° C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.
2. A cathode composition according to claim 1 wherein 0.167<y<0.5.
3. A cathode composition according to claim 1 wherein M 2 is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Li, Zn, V, and combinations thereof.
4. A cathode composition according to claim 1 wherein M 2 includes Ni.
5. A cathode composition according to claim 1 wherein M 2 includes Co.
6. A cathode composition according to claim 1 wherein M 2 includes the combination of Ni and Co.
7. A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery in which the cathode composition has the formula Li[Li (1-y)/3 M 3 y Mn (2-2y)/3 ]O 2 ,
where 0.083<y<0.5 and M 3 represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that M 3 is a metal element other than chromium, and includes the combination of Ni and Co,
said composition characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30° C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.
8. A cathode composition according to claim 7 wherein 0.167<y<0.5.
9. A cathode composition according to claim 7 wherein M 3 further includes an element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu, Li, Zn, V, and combinations thereof.
10. A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery in which the cathode composition has the formula Li[M 4 y M 5 1-2y Mn y ]O 2 ,
where 0.083<y<0.5 and:
(a) M 4 is Co and M 5 includes the combination of Li and Ni or
(b) M 4 is Li and M 5 includes the combination of Ni and Co,
with the proviso that M 4 and M 5 do not include chromium,
said composition characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30° C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.
11. A cathode composition according to claim 10 wherein 0.167<y<0.5.
12. A cathode composition according to claim 10 wherein M 5 further includes an element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu, Li, Zn, V, and combinations thereof.
13. A cathode composition according to claim 10 wherein M 4 is Li and M 5 includes the combination of Ni and Co.
14. A cathode composition according to claim 10 wherein M 4 is Co and M 5 includes the combination of Li and Ni.
15. A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery in which the cathode composition has the formula Li[Ni y Co 1-2y Mn y ]O 2 ,
where 0.083<y<0.5,
said composition characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30° C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.
16. A cathode composition according to claim 15 wherein 0.167<y<0.5.
17. A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery in which the cathode composition has the formula Li[M 1 (1-x) Mn x ]O 2 where 0<x<1 and M 1 represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that (i) M 1 is a metal element other than chromium, (ii) M 1 includes the combination of Ni and Li, and (iii) the stoichiometry of the formula is selected such that (Li− 1 )/(Mn—Ni)=0.5,
said composition characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30° C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.
18. A cathode composition according to claim 17 wherein M 1 further includes an element selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, V, and combinations thereof.
19. A cathode composition according to claim 17 wherein M 1 further includes Co.
20. A cathode composition according to claim 17 wherein 0.083<x<0.5.
21. A cathode composition according to claim 17 wherein 0.167<x<0.5.
22. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
(a) an anode;
(b) a cathode comprising a composition according to claim 1 , 7 , 10 , 15 , or 16 ; and
(c) an electrolyte separating said anode and said cathode.