Methods and systems for protein separation
The present disclosure relates to a system and method for protein separation including: fractionating a mixture of proteins on a reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 40° C. to recover a protein in from about 70 to 100 weight percent of the mixture of proteins.
1. A method of protein separation from a sample comprising at least 50% of total protein being abundant proteins, the method comprising:
depleting abundant proteins from a sample using immunoaffinity liquid chromatography to provide a depleted mixture of proteins; and
fractionating the depleted mixture of proteins on a reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase at a temperature of greater than or equal to 40° C., wherein the fractionating comprises a multisegmented gradient elution comprising steps of
applying a first elution gradient comprising 5 to 30 weight % of organic modifier,
applying a second elution gradient comprising 30 to 55 weight % of organic modifier,
applying a third elution gradient comprising 55 to 100 weight % of organic modifier,
applying a final elution gradient comprising 100 weight % of organic modifier; and
recovering a protein from the depleted mixture of proteins at a yield of 70 to 100 weight percent of the depleted mixture of proteins.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the fractionating is accomplished at from 60 to 95° C. to recover a protein from the depleted mixture of proteins at a yield of 90 to 100 weight percent of the mixture of proteins.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the fractionating is accomplished at from 60 to 95° C. to recover a protein from the depleted mixture of proteins at a yield of 95 to 100 weight percent of the mixture of proteins.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the weight percent of the protein recovered from the depleted mixture of proteins increases with increases in temperature.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein abundant proteins comprise from 50 to 95 percent by weight of the total protein of the sample prior to depleting, and the depleted mixture of proteins comprise less than 50 percent by weight of the total protein of the sample prior to depleting.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase has an average particle diameter of 2 to 20 micrometers.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase comprises a C 6 to C 30 hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of alkane, substituted alkene, substituted alkene, aryl or substituted aryl, and combinations thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase comprises a silane compound having a C 10 to C 30 hydrocarbon.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase comprises a divalent silane having a structure:
—Si(R)(Me)-(CH 2 ) 3 —Si(R)(Me)-
wherein R is n-octadecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, or mixtures thereof, and Me is methyl.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the reversed-phase superficially porous stationary phase comprises a silane of the formula:
A-O—SiR 1 R 2 R 3
where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently alkane, substituted alkane, alkene, substituted alkene, aryl or substituted aryl; and A is a surface group of the substrate to which the silane is attached.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein the depleted mixture of proteins, prior to fractionating, is in an aqueous mixture of urea and acetic acid.
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein the depleted mixture of proteins, prior to fractionating, is in a mixture of 6 M urea and 5 weight % aqueous acetic acid.
13. The method according to claim 1 wherein the mixture of proteins is eluted with a multistep gradient comprised of increasing amounts of organic modifier in aqueous trifluoroacetic acid.
14. The method according to claim 13 wherein the organic modifier comprises acetonitrile.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein wherein the organic modifier is 0.01 to 2 weight % trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (B), and the remainder of each elution gradient is 0.01 to 2 weight % trifluoroacetic acid (A).
16. The method according to claim 1 wherein depleted fractionating with a multi-segment elution gradient comprising steps of:
applying a first elution gradient comprising 5 to 30 weight % of from 0.1 weight % trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile for 1 to 10 min;
applying an elution gradient comprising 30 to 55 weight % of 0.1 weight % trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile for 5 to 60 min.,
applying an elution gradient comprising 55 to 100 weight % of 0.1 weight % trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile 1 to 20 min.; and
applying an elution gradient comprising 100 weight % of 0.1 weight % trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile for 1 to 20 min.
17. The method according to claim 1 wherein the load of the depleted mixture of proteins on the stationary phase is from 100 micrograms to 2 grams.
18. The method according to claim 1 wherein recovering a protein further comprising separately collecting each fractionated protein.
19. The method according to claim 18 further comprising analyzing at least one of the separated proteins.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein fractionating provides, compared to a fully porous reversed phase material, improved chromatographic performance selected from the group consisting of enhanced peak selectivity, enhanced peak resolution, reduced band-broadening, and combinations thereof.
21. The method according to claim 1 wherein the immunoaffinity liquid chromatography comprises an affinity binding composition comprising:
a first and second solid phase matrix contacting each other; a first receptor immobilized on said first solid phase matrix, capable of specific binding to a first ligand but not a second ligand;
a second receptor immobilized on said second solid phase matrix, capable of specific binding to the second ligand but not the first ligand;
an optional third receptor immobilized on a third solid phase matrix, capable of specific binding to a third ligand but not the first ligand or the second ligand;
an optional fourth receptor immobilized on a fourth solid phase matrix, capable of specific binding to a fourth ligand but not the first ligand, the second ligand or the third ligand; and
an optional fifth receptor immobilized on a fifth solid phase matrix, capable of specific binding to a fifth ligand but not the first ligand, the second ligand, the third ligand or the fourth ligand.
22. The method of protein separation of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises human serum proteins.