Milestone synchronization in broadcast multimedia streams
A server at the edge of a broadband network distributes multimedia content streams to clients, while ensuring that the first data delivered to each client is key data (milestones) needed for correctly decoding the stream content. This is obtained by buffering the packets in the incoming stream and transmitting the packets from the buffer in an outgoing stream, starting with the most recent milestone placed in the buffer before a request to join the respective incoming stream is received. As the writing to and reading from the buffer are performed at different rates, the incoming and outgoing streams are eventually synchronized, at which point the client may be switched to receive the incoming stream directly.
1. In a broadcast system that delivers entertainment content to clients over multimedia content streams, wherein stream rendering for the multimedia content streams cannot commence until a milestone data structure comprising program guide and system information (PSI) and a packet marking a beginning of a full picture data structure has been received, a server comprising:
a listening mechanism that detects requests from the clients, each of the requests indicating that a particular client wishes to receive a specified multimedia content stream carrying content of interest;
a synchronization unit that streams to the particular client an outgoing stream with the content of interest, starting with a most recent milestone data structure in the specified multimedia content stream with respect to a request receipt time from the request receipt time until the outgoing stream is synchronized with the specified multimedia content stream; and
a multicast feed that receives all of said multimedia content streams from a head-end over a broadband network and distributes each of the multimedia content streams to the particular client once the outgoing stream is synchronized with the specified multimedia content stream, wherein the most recent milestone data structure enables the particular client to immediately decode the content of interest from the outgoing stream, and the synchronization unit further comprises:
a circular buffer;
a finder that detects all of the milestone data structures in the specified multimedia content stream;
a receiver that places packets from the specified multimedia content stream in the circular buffer as the packets arrive and keeps track of positions of the milestone data structures in the circular buffer;
a sender that creates markers in the circular buffer that correspond to most recent milestone data structures relative to the request receipt times and sends the packets from positions indicated by the markers, wherein the receiver places the packets in the circular buffer at a first rate and increments the markers at a second rate, higher than the first rate, until the positions of the markers catch up with a position of a last packet placed in the circular buffer.
2. The server of claim 1 , further comprising:
a program guide and system information (PSI) controller, coupled to the receiver, that detects the program guide and system information (PSI) in the specified multimedia content stream and sends the detected information to the particular client in response to the request, before any of the packets are sent to the particular client.
3. The server of claim 1 , wherein, for a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) stream, the milestone data structure is an I-frame.
4. The server of claim 1 , wherein a size of the circular buffer is adjusted according to rates and sizes of milestone data structures in the specified multimedia content stream.
5. The server of claim 1 , wherein, for a MPEG2transport stream, a size of the circular buffer is larger than a largest conceivable group of pictures (GOP) in the specified multimedia content stream.
6. The server of claim 1 , wherein a size of the circular buffer is matched to a packet size.
7. The server of claim 1 , said synchronization unit further comprising:
means for reducing the bandwidth coupled to the outgoing stream from the receiver that discards packets unnecessary for stream play-out.
8. The server of claim 7 , wherein, for a MPEG2 transport stream, said means for reducing the bandwidth further comprises:
a filter that discards NULL packets and Program Association Table/Program Map Table (PAT/PMT) packets sent by the receiver to the filter while the client plays-out the outgoing stream.
9. The server of claim 1 , wherein whenever one client lodged a request for the specified multimedia content stream, the outgoing stream is unicast to the client, and whenever two or more clients request to join the same specified multimedia content stream, the two or more clients are assigned to the same marker, and the outgoing stream is multicast to the two or more clients.
10. The server of claim 1 , the synchronization unit further comprising:
a second buffer, coupled to the receiver, that copies a certain number of content packets from the specified multimedia content stream sent by the receiver to the second buffer to enable instant-replay of the specified multimedia content stream.
11. The server of claim 1 , provided at an edge of the broadband network, that serves a plurality of clients over a local network.
12. The server of claim 11 , provided at the edge of the broadband network within any of a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) and a network device already present close to the edge of the broadband network.
13. The server of claim 1 , wherein said listening mechanism uses an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snoop.
14. In a broadcast system that delivers entertainment content to clients over multimedia content streams, wherein stream rendering for the multimedia content streams cannot commence until a milestone data structure comprising program guide and system information (PSI) and a packet marking a beginning of a full picture data structure has been received, a synchronization unit comprising:
a circular buffer;
a finder that detects all of the milestone data structures in the specified multimedia content stream;
a receiver that places the packets from the specified multimedia content stream in the circular buffer as the packets arrive, and keeps track of positions of the milestone data structures in the circular buffer;
a sender that creates markers in the circular buffer that correspond to most recent milestone data structures relative to request receipt times, and sends the rackets from positions indicated by the markers, wherein the receiver places the packets in the circular buffer at a first rate and increments the markers at a second rate, higher than the first rate, until the positions of the markers catch up with a position of a last packet placed in the circular buffer.
15. The synchronization unit of claim 14 , further comprising:
a filter, coupled to the receiver, that discards packets unnecessary for stream play-out.
16. The synchronization unit of claim 15 , implemented in a server at the edge of a broadband network.
17. The synchronization unit of claim 15 , implemented in a head-end to reduce bandwidth of said specified multimedia content stream over a broadband network by discarding packets unnecessary for stream play-out.
18. A method for delivering entertainment content to clients over multimedia content streams, wherein stream rendering for the multimedia content streams cannot commence until a milestone data structure comprising program guide and system information (PSI) and a packet marking a beginning of a full picture data structure has been received, comprising:
listening for a request indicating that a client wishes to receive a specified multimedia content stream carrying content of interest;
streaming to the client the content of interest in an outgoing stream, starting with a most recent milestone data structure in the specified multimedia content stream with respect to a request receipt time;
synchronizing the outgoing stream with the specified multimedia content stream;
switching from transmitting the client the outgoing stream to transmitting the specified multimedia content stream after the outgoing stream and the specified multimedia content stream are synchronized, wherein the synchronizing step further comprises:
providing, with a circular buffer, a delayed version of the specified multimedia content stream;
detecting all of the milestone data structures in the specified multimedia content stream;
placing, with a receiver, packets from the specified multimedia content stream in the circular buffer as the packets arrive at a first rate, while keeping track of positions of the milestone data structures in the circular buffer;
creating, with a sender, markers in the circular buffer that correspond to most recent milestone data structures relative to receipt request times;
sending packets from positions indicated by the markers, wherein the receiver places the packets in the circular buffer at a first rate and increments the markers at a second rate, higher than the first rate, until the positions of the markers catch up with a position of a last packet placed in the circular buffer.