Catalytic boronate ester synthesis from boron reagents and hydrocarbons
View Patent ↗A process for producing a ring-substituted arene borane which comprises reacting a ring-substituted arene with an HB organic compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an iridium or rhodium complex with three or more substituents, excluding hydrogen, bonded to the iridium or rhodium and a phosphorus organic ligand, which is at least in part bonded to the iridium or rhodium, to form the ring-substituted arene borane. Also provided are catalytic compounds for catalyzing the process comprising an iridium or rhodium complex with three or substituents, excluding hydrogen, bonded to the iridium or rhodium and optionally, a phosphorus organic ligand, which is at least in part bonded to the iridium or rhodium.
1. A process for producing a ring-substituted arene borane which comprises:
reacting a ring-substituted arene with an HB organic compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an iridium or rhodium complex with three or more substituents, excluding hydrogen, bonded to the iridium or rhodium and a phosphorus organic ligand, in a molar ratio of complex to ligand between about 1 to 3 and 1 to 1, wherein the ligand is at least in part bonded to the iridium or rhodium, to form the ring-substituted arene borane.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus organic ligand is selected from the group consisting of trimethyl phosphine (PMe 3 ), 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe), and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe).
3. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (ArH)Ir(BY) 3 wherein ArH is selected from the group consisting of aromatic, heteroaromatic, polyaromatic, and heteropolyaromatic hydrocarbon; and BY is a boron moiety of the formula
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
4. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (MesH)Ir(BY) 3 wherein MesH is mesitylene; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
5. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 )) 3 Ir(H) n (BY) 3-n wherein Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; n is 0, 1, or 2; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
6. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 )) 3 Ir(H) n (BY) 3-n wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; n is 0, 1, or 2; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
7. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 )) 3 Ir(H)(R 17 )(BY) wherein Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; R 17 is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, aryl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
8. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 )) 3 Ir (H)(R 17 )(BY) wherein R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; R 17 is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, aryl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
9. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is {(PY 7 P)Ir(BY) 3 } 2 (μ 2 -(PY 7 P)) wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; (PY- 7 P) is R 18 R 19 P—Y 7 —PR 20 R 21 wherein R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure, and Y 7 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbons.
10. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (PY 7 P)(P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 ))Ir(BY) 3 wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and (PY 7 P) is R 18 R 19 P—Y 7 —PR 20 R 21 wherein R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure, and Y 7 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbons.
11. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (PY 7 P)(P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 ))Ir(BY) 3 wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; (PY 7 P) is R 18 R 19 P—Y 7 —PR 20 R 21 wherein R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure, and Y 7 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbons.
12. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is {(P P)Ir(BY) 3 } 2 (μ 2 -(P P)) wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and wherein (P P) is of the formula
wherein R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , and R 29 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
13. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P P)(P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 ))Ir(BY) 3 wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and wherein (P P) is of the formula
wherein R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , and R 29 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
14. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P P)(P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 ))Ir(BY) 3 wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and wherein (P P) is of the formula
wherein R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , and R 29 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
15. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (PY 7 P)Ir(BY) 3 wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and (PY 7 P) is R 18 R 19 P—Y 7 —PR 20 R 21 wherein R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure, and Y 7 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbons.
16. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P P)Ir(BY) 3 wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and wherein (P P) is of the formula
wherein R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , and R 29 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
17. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 )) 4 Ir(BY) wherein Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
18. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 )) 4 Ir(BY) wherein R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
19. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (PY 7 P)(P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 )) 2 Ir(BY) wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and (PY 7 P) is R 18 R 19 P—Y 7 —PR 20 R 21 wherein R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure, and Y 7 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbons.
20. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P P)(P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 )) 2 Ir(BY) wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and wherein (P P) is of the formula
wherein R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , and R 29 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
21. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (PY 7 P)(P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 )) 2 Ir(BY) wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; (PY 7 P) is R 18 R 19 P—Y 7 —PR 20 R 21 wherein R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure, and Y 7 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbons.
22. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is (P P)(P(R 14 )(R 15 )(R 16 )) 2 Ir(BY) wherein BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and wherein (P P) is of the formula
wherein R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , and R 29 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
23. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the iridium complex is selected from the group consisting of (Cp*)Ir(H) 2 (Me 3 P), (Cp*)Ir(H)(Bpin) Me 3 P), (CP*)Ir(H)(C 6 H 5 )(Me 3 P), (Ind)Ir(COD), (MesH)Ir(BPin)(B(OR) 2 ), ((R 1 ) 3 P) 3 Ir(B(OR 2 ) 2 ) 3 , (R 1 ) 2 P) 2 Ir(BPin) 3 , [((R 1 ) 2 P) 3 Ir((R 2 O) 2 B) 3 ] 2 , ((R 1 ) 3 P) 4 Ir(BPin), ((R 1 ) 2 P) 2 Ir(BPin) 3 , (MesH)Ir(BPin) 3 , IrCl(COD), and [IrCl(COD)] 2 , wherein CP* is 1,2,3,4,5-methylcyclopentadienyl, BPin is pinacolborane, Me is methyl, H is hydrogen, P is phosphorus, Ind is indenyl, COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene, MesH is mesitylene, and wherein R, R 1 , and R 2 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, aryl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure.
24. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the rhodium complex is (Cp′)(P(Y 4 )(Y 5 )(Y 6 ))Rh(H) n (BY) 2-n wherein Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 )(R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; n is 0 or 1; BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and Cp′ is of the formula
wherein R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , and R 34 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
25. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the rhodium complex is (Cp′) (P(R 14 (R 15 )(R 16 ))Rh(H) n (BY) 2-n wherein R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; n is 0 or 1; BY is a boron moiety selected from the group consisting of
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; and Cp′ is of the formula
wherein R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , and R 34 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl chains, carbocyclic rings, and aryl groups.
26. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the rhodium complex is selected from the group consisting of (Cp*)Rh(H) 2 (Me 3 P), (Cp*)Rh(H)(BPin)(Me 3 P), (CP*)Rh(H)(C 6 H 5 )(Me 3 P), and (Cp*)Rh(hexamethylbenzene), wherein CP* is 1,2,3,4,5-methylcyclopentadienyl, BPin is pinacolborane, Me is methyl, H is hydrogen, and P is phosphorus.
27. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the HB organic compound is selected from the group consisting of B(H)(Y 11 )(Y 12 ) wherein Y 11 and Y 12 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, alkyl, aryl, alkoxide (—O(R 11 )), and amide (—N(R 12 ) (R 13 )) wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, branched alkyl containing 1 to 8 carbons, and a carbon in a cyclic structure; (B(H) (Y 13 —Y 14 —Y 15 ) wherein Y 13 and Y 15 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, oxygen, and nitrogen and Y 14 is a chain containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms;