Calcium phosphate cement

1. A calcium phosphate cement comprising:

(a) a powdered first component comprising stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing from about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm of magnesium,

(b) a powdered second component comprising at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous, and

(c) a liquid third component comprising water.

2. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 1 , wherein said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is produced using a wet chemical precipitation process.

3. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 1 , wherein said magnesium is present in an amount from about 30 ppm to about 50 ppm of magnesium.

4. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 1 , wherein said at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, oxyapatite, or hydroxypatite or a mixture thereof.

5. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 4 , wherein said calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is tetracalcium phosphate.

6. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 1 , wherein the source of said magnesium used to stabilize dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is from MgO, MgO 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , MgHPO 4 , MgHPO 4 .3H 2 O, MgHPO 4 .7H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .8H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .22H 2 O, MgCO 3 , MgCO 3 .3H 2 O, MgCO 3 .5H 2 O, 3MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O, MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O, Mg(C 3 H 5 O 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O, MgC 2 O 4 .2H 2 O, Mg(C 4 H 4 O 6 ) 2 .4H 2 O, MgCO 3 .CaCO 3 , Mg 2 P 2 O 7 , Mg(C 12 H 23 O 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O, Mg(C 14 H 27 O 2 ) 2 , Mg(C 18 H 33 O 2 ) 2 , or Mg(C 18 H 35 O 2 ) 2 or a mixture thereof.

7. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 6 , wherein the source of said magnesium used to stabilize dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is magnesium oxide.

8. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 1 , wherein said third liquid component further comprises at least one sodium phosphate.

9. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 8 , wherein said at least one sodium phosphate is di-sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, or dibasic sodium phosphate heptahydrate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, or a mixture thereof.

10. The phosphate cement of claim 8 , wherein said third liquid component further comprises tri-sodium citrate.

11. A method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement comprising:

(a) producing a powdered first component comprising stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing from about 10 ppm to 60 ppm of magnesium using a wet chemical precipitation process,

(b) producing a powdered second component comprising at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous, and

(c) reacting said first and second powdered components with an aqueous liquid component causing a reaction which forms a settable material.

12. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 11 , wherein said reacting is performed by first blending said first and second powdered components to form a homogeneous mixture, then mixing said homogeneous mixture of said first and second powdered components with said aqueous liquid component causing a reaction which forms a settable material.

13. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 11 , wherein said at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, oxyapatite, or hydroxypatite or a mixture thereof.

14. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 13 , wherein at least one said calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is tetracalcium phosphate.

15. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 11 , wherein the source of said magnesium is from MgO, MgO 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , MgHPO 4 , MgHPO 4 .3H 2 O, MgHPO 4 .7H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .8H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .22H 2 O, MgCO 3 , MgCO 3 .3H 2 O, MgCO 3 .5H 2 O, 3MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O, MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O, Mg(C 3 H 5 O 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O, MgC 2 O 4 .2H 2 O, Mg(C 4 H 4 O 6 ) 2 .4H 2 O, MgCO 3 .CaCO 3 , Mg 2 P 2 O 7 , Mg(C 12 H 23 O 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O, Mg(C 14 H 27 O 2 ) 2 , Mg(C 18 H 33 O 2 ) 2 , or Mg(C 18 H 35 O 2 ) 2 or a mixture thereof.

16. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 15 , wherein the source of said magnesium used to stabilize dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is magnesium oxide.

17. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 11 , wherein said third liquid component further comprises at least one sodium phosphate.

18. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 17 , wherein said at least one sodium phosphate is di-sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, or dibasic sodium phosphate heptahydrate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, or a mixture thereof.

19. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 17 , wherein said third liquid component further comprises tri-sodium citrate.

20. A kit for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement comprising:

(a) a first container containing a mixture of a powdered first component comprising stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing from about 10 ppm to 60 ppm of magnesium, and a powdered second component comprising tetra calcium phosphate; and

(b) an aqueous liquid component in a second container, wherein said aqueous liquid component comprises at least one sodium phosphate.

21. The kit for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 20 , wherein said aqueous liquid component further comprises tri-sodium citrate.

22. A calcium phosphate cement comprising:

(a) a powdered first component comprising stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium,

(b) a powdered second component comprising at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous, and

(c) a liquid third component comprising water, wherein said cement is storage stable such that said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium exhibits characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to those of dicalcium phosphate dihydrous after 1 year of storage at 25° C. in a sealed container or after an accelerated ageing test of 52 days at 50° C. in a sealed container.

23. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 21 , wherein said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium exhibits x-ray diffraction peaks at 11.605, 20,787, 23.391, 26.5, 29.16, 30.484, 31.249, 31.936, 33.538, 34.062, 35.45, 36.34 and 39.67±0.2 degrees two-theta after 1 year of storage at 25° C. in a sealed container or after an accelerated ageing test of 52 days at 50° C. in a sealed container.

24. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 22 , wherein said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is produced using a wet chemical precipitation process.

25. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 22 , wherein said magnesium is present in an amount from about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm of magnesium.

26. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 25 , wherein said magnesium is present in an amount from about 30 ppm to about 50 ppm of magnesium.

27. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 22 , wherein said at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, oxyapatite, or hydroxypatite or a mixture thereof.

28. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 27 , wherein said calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is tetracalcium phosphate.

29. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 22 , wherein the source of said magnesium used to stabilize dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is from MgO, MgO 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , MgHPO 4 , MgHPO 4 .3H 2 O, MgHPO 4 .7H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .8H 2 O, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .22H 2 O, MgCO 3 , MgCO 3 .3H 2 O, MgCO 3 .5H 2 O, 3MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O, MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O, Mg(C 3 H 5 O 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O, MgC 2 O 4 .2H 2 O, Mg(C 4 H 4 O 6 ) 2 .4H 2 O, MgCO 3 .CaCO 3 , Mg 2 P 2 O 7 , Mg(C 12 H 23 O 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O, Mg(C 14 H 27 O 2 ) 2 , Mg(C 18 H 33 O 2 ) 2 , or Mg(C 18 H 35 O 2 ) 2 or a mixture thereof.

30. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 29 , wherein the source of said magnesium used to stabilize dicalcium phosphate dihydrous is magnesium oxide.

31. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 22 , wherein said third liquid component further comprises at least one sodium phosphate.

32. The calcium phosphate cement of claim 31 , wherein said at least one sodium phosphate is di-sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, or dibasic sodium phosphate heptahydrate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, or a mixture thereof.

33. The phosphate cement of claim 32 , wherein said third liquid component further comprises tri-sodium citrate.

34. A method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement comprising:

(a) producing a powdered first component comprising stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium using a wet chemical precipitation process such that said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium exhibits characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to those of dicalcium phosphate dihydrous after 1 year of storage at 25° C. in a sealed container or after an accelerated ageing test of 52 days at 50° C. in a sealed container,

(b) producing a powdered second component comprising at least one calcium phosphate mineral other than said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous, and

(c) reacting said first and second powdered components with an aqueous liquid component causing a reaction which forms a settable material.

35. The method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 34 , wherein said characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to those of dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium exhibits x-ray diffraction peaks at 11.605, 20,787, 23.391, 26.5, 29.16, 30.484, 31.249, 31.936, 33.538, 34.062, 35.45, 36.34 and 39.67±0.2 degrees two-theta after 1 year of storage at 25° C. in a sealed container or after an accelerated ageing test of 52 days at SOW in a sealed container.

36. A method for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 34 , wherein said reacting is performed by first blending said first and second powdered components to form a homogeneous mixture, then mixing said homogeneous mixture of said first and second powdered components with said aqueous liquid component causing a reaction which forms a settable material.

37. A kit for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement comprising:

(a) a first container containing a mixture of a powdered first component comprising stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous containing magnesium such that the X-ray diffraction pattern of said stabilized dicalcium phosphate dihydrous remains substantially the same after 1 year of storage at 25° C. in a sealed container or after an accelerated ageing test of 52 days at 50° C. in a sealed container; and

(b) an aqueous liquid component in a second container, the liquid component comprising at least one sodium phosphate.

38. The kit for forming a calcium phosphate bone cement of claim 37 , wherein said aqueous liquid component further comprises tri-sodium citrate.