Enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor
An enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor includes a substrate and a conductive layer formed from a dried water-miscible conductive ink. The water-miscible conductive ink used to form the conductive layer includes a conductive material, an enzyme, a mediator, and a binding agent and is formulated such that the water-miscible conductive ink is a water-miscible aqueous-based dispersion and the binding agent became operatively water-insoluble upon drying.
1. An enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor comprising:
a substrate; and
an enzymatic-electrochemically responsive conductive layer formed from a dried water-miscible conductive ink that includes:
a conductive material;
an enzyme;
a mediator; and
a binding agent,
wherein the water-miscible conductive ink is formulated as a water-miscible aqueous-based uniform dispersion;
wherein the binding agent is present as a continuous phase in the water-miscible aqueous-based uniform dispersion and the binding agent became operatively water-insoluble upon drying of the water-miscible conductive ink;
wherein the binding agent immobilizes the conductive material, mediator and enzyme to the substrate; and
wherein the immobilization of at least one of the conductive material, mediator and enzyme occurs via ionic binding with the binding agent.
2. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer has a conductivity of less than about 10 kΩ.
3. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer has a conductivity of less than about 1 kΩ.
4. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the dried binding agent of the enzymatic-electrochemically responsive conductive layer serves as a dialytic membrane.
5. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a working electrode.
6. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the mediator is a polymeric mediator.
7. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the enzymatic-electrochemically responsive conductive layer serves as an electrode of the enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor.
8. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 7 , wherein the enzymatic-electrochemically responsive conductive layer serves as a working electrode of the enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor.
9. The enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme, mediator, and binding agent are essentially uniformly distributed throughout the conductive layer.