Floor covering containing polyvinyl butyral and method of making same
A backing for a floor covering and a floor covering including such a backing are provided. Methods of making such a backing and a floor covering also are provided.
1 . A reinforced foam backing for a floor covering, the reinforced foam backing comprising:
a foam sheet comprising polyvinyl butyral, said foam sheet having a plurality of cells formed therein; and
at least one reinforcing material joined with said foam sheet.
2 . The reinforced foam backing of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl butyral comprises recycled polyvinyl butyral, virgin polyvinyl butyral, or any combination thereof.
3 . The reinforced foam backing of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl butyral comprises recycled polyvinyl butyral and, optionally, virgin polyvinyl butyral.
4 . A floor covering comprising the reinforced foam backing of claim 3 , the floor covering having a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 1 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
5 . A floor covering comprising the reinforced foam backing of claim 3 , the floor covering having a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 0.5 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
6 . A floor covering comprising:
a carpet including a plurality of textile fibers at least partially embedded in a polymeric pre-coat layer comprising a polyurethane; and
a foam backing comprising polyvinyl butyral attached to said carpet.
7 . The floor covering of claim 6 , wherein the polyurethane has a glass transition temperature of from about −15° C. to about 10° C.
8 . The floor covering of claim 6 , wherein the polyurethane has a glass transition temperature of from about −5° C. to about 0° C.
9 . The floor covering of claim 6 , wherein the polyurethane has a tensile strength of from 1500 to about 5000.
10 . The floor covering of claim 6 , wherein the polyurethane is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 40 wt % of the floor covering on a dry/dry basis.
11 . The floor covering of claim 6 , further comprising a reinforcing material at least partially embedded in said foam backing.
12 . The floor covering of claim 6 , further comprising a reinforcing material joined to said foam backing.
13 . A floor covering having a backing comprising recycled polyvinyl butyral, wherein the floor covering has a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 1 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
14 . The floor covering of claim 13 , wherein the floor covering has a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 0.75 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
15 . The floor covering of claim 13 , wherein the floor covering has a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 0.5 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
16 . The floor covering of claim 13 , wherein the floor covering has a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 0.375 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
17 . The floor covering of claim 13 , wherein the backing is a foam.
18 . A floor covering comprising:
a carpet comprising a plurality of textile fibers;
a foamed backing comprising polyvinyl butyral joined to said carpet; and
a polymeric pre-coat layer joining said carpet to said foamed backing,
wherein said floor covering has a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 0.5 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990.
19 . The floor covering of claim 18 , wherein said polymeric pre-coat layer comprises a polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral, or combination thereof.
20 . The floor covering of claim 18 , wherein said polymeric pre-coat layer comprises polyvinyl chloride, a tackified ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, a tackified polyolefin, or any combination thereof.
21 . The floor covering of claim 18 , further comprising a reinforcing material joined to said foam backing.
22 . The floor covering of claim 18 , wherein the polyvinyl butyral in said backing comprises recycled polyvinyl butyral and, optionally, virgin polyvinyl butyral.
23 . The floor covering of claim 18 , wherein the polyvinyl butyral in said backing comprises recycled polyvinyl butyral, virgin polyvinyl butyral, or any combination thereof.
24 . A method of manufacturing a floor covering, the method comprising:
extruding a polymeric material mixture comprising molten polyvinyl butyral and a cell-forming material;
calendering the extruded polymeric mixture to form a sheet; and
heating the sheet to form a foamed polyvinyl butyral backing.
25 . The method of claim 24 , further comprising at least partially embedding a reinforcing material into the calendered polymeric sheet to form a reinforced backing.
26 . The method of claim 24 , further comprising adhering a reinforcing material to the polyvinyl butyral backing to form a reinforced backing.
27 . The method of claim 24 , further comprising joining the foamed polyvinyl butyral backing to a carpet.
28 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the extruding further comprises removing volatile organic compounds from the polymeric material mixture.
29 . A method of making a floor covering including a recycled PVB foam backing, the floor covering having a total volatile organic compound emission factor of less than about 0.5 mg/m 2 /hr as measured according to ASTM D-5116-1990, the method comprising:
extruding a polymeric material mixture comprising molten recycled polyvinyl butyral and a cell-forming material;
calendering the extruded polymeric mixture to form a sheet; and
heating the sheet to form a foamed polyvinyl butyral backing,
wherein at least one of the extruding, calendering, and heating are carried out at a temperature sufficient to release volatile organic compounds from the polymeric material mixture.
30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the extruding is carried out at a temperature of from about 300° F. to about 350° F.
31 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the calendering is carried out at a temperature of from about 190° F. to about 350° F.
32 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the heating is carried out at a temperature of from about 300° F. to about 450° F.