Microbial biosurfactants as agents for controlling pests
Biosurfactants produced by microbes are used to control pests. The biosurfactants can be produced by cultivating a biosurfactant-producing microbe, producing a fermentation broth, and obtaining the biosurfactant from the fermentation broth. Alternately, the biosurfactants can be produced in situ in the environment of the pests by applying a carbon substrate to the pests' environment, which permits naturally-occurring biosurfactant-producing microbes to grow and to generate the biosurfactants. The biosurfactants have pesticidal qualities, and can be used to control a variety of pests, while being biodegradable and otherwise avoiding adverse environmental effects that have often been associated with conventional synthetic pesticides.
1. A method for controlling pests, comprising:
obtaining a microbial biosurfactant having a glycolipid and/or rhamnolipid; and
providing the microbial biosurfactant to one or more pests in an amount such that the one or more pests are controlled, wherein the pests are nematodes.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein obtaining a biosurfactant comprises cultivating a microbe that produces the biosurfactant.
3. The method as defined in claim 2 , wherein cultivating the microbe comprises producing a fermentation broth containing the biosurfactant.
4. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein the biosurfactant is obtained without purifying the fermentation broth or extracting the biosurfactant from the fermentation broth.
5. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein cultivating the microbe further comprises extracting the biosurfactant from the fermentation broth.
6. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein cultivating the microbe further comprises purifying the fermentation broth.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the microbial biosurfactant has been produced by a microbe in the group that consists of:
pseudomonas species, including P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. florescens, P. fragi , and P. syringae;
flavobacterium species;
candida species, including C. albicans, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, C. lipolytica , and C. torulopsis;
rhodococcus species;
arthrobacter species;
campylobacter species; and
cornybacterium species.
8. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the microbial biosurfactant is a penetrant that penetrates the pest without the use of a separate adjuvant.
9. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the microbial biosurfactant is combined with a solubility control agent.
10. A method as defined in claim 9 , wherein the solubility control agent is a cross-linked swellable polyacrylamide.
11. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the biosurfactant is combined with an oil.
12. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the biosurfactant is in a formulation having a form selected from the group consisting of liquid, solutions, suspensions, powders, pastes, waxes, gel, cream, cylinders, rods, blocks, capsules, tablets, pills, pellets, strips, or spikes.
13. A method as defined in claim 12 , wherein the formulation is applied to an ant mound.
14. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the providing is by applying the microbial biosurfactant to the one or more pests, soil, an aquatic system, a plant, an object surface, a home, a structure, a pond, or combination thereof.
15. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the controlled one or more pests are killed or paralyzed.