Flex-flame burner and combustion method
A combustion method and apparatus which produce a hybrid flame for heating metals and metal alloys, which hybrid flame has the characteristic of having an oxidant-lean portion proximate the metal or metal alloy and having an oxidant-rich portion disposed above the oxidant lean portion. This hybrid flame is produced by introducing fuel and primary combustion oxidant into the furnace chamber containing the metal or metal alloy in a substoichiometric ratio to produce a fuel-rich flame and by introducing a secondary combustion oxidant into the furnace chamber above the fuel-rich flame in a manner whereby mixing of the secondary combustion oxidant with the fuel-rich flame is delayed for a portion of the length of the flame.
1. In a furnace containing at least one of a metal and a metal alloy for one of heating and melting and having at least one burner nozzle generating a flame above said at least one of said metal and said metal alloy, said flame being generated by combination of a fuel and a primary combustion oxidant, a combustion method comprising the steps of:
introducing said fuel and said primary combustion oxidant into said furnace at a substoichiometric ratio, forming a fuel-rich said flame; and
introducing a secondary combustion oxidant into said furnace substantially only above said flame in a manner whereby a lower portion of said flame proximate said at least one of said metal and said metal alloy is fuel-rich and an upper portion of said flame vertically distal from said at least one of said metal and said metal alloy is fuel-lean.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said secondary combustion oxidant is introduced into said furnace in an amount up to about 30% of a total amount of oxidant required for complete combustion of said fuel.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said fuel and said primary combustion oxidant are mixed prior to being introduced into said furnace.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said secondary combustion oxidant is introduced into said furnace at an angle above horizontal in a range of about 0° to about 15° away from said flame above a centerline of said flame.
5. A method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein said amount of secondary combustion oxidant is in a range of about 5% to about 30% of said total amount of oxidant.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said secondary combustion oxidant is introduced into said furnace at a velocity that is one of greater than and equal to a fuel and primary combustion oxidant velocity.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said secondary combustion oxidant is introduced into said furnace through a slotted nozzle oriented to produce a substantially horizontal oxidant plane substantially only above said flame.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein mixing of said secondary combustion oxidant into said flame is delayed for a distance corresponding to at least about one-half of a flame length of said flame.