Method and apparatus for measuring and orienting golf club shaft
The preferred orientation, or planar oscillation plane, of a golf club shaft is located by measuring the oscillation of the shaft when an impulse is applied. Preferably, the out-of-plane oscillation is measured at a large number of angular positions about the shaft axis, and the principal planar oscillation plane is identified by that pair of opposed angular positions in which the out-of-plane oscillation is smallest. The location of the preferred orientation may be marked on the shaft and used to assemble a golf club with the planar oscillation plane in a predetermined orientation. The straightness of the shaft can also be determined by deriving its spring constant from its oscillation frequency and then measuring the restoring force when the shaft is deflected by the same nominal amount at different angular positions; differences in restoring force can be attributed to differences in actual deflection distance resulting from lack of straightness.
1. A method of determining straightness of a golf club shaft, said shaft having a handle end and having a tip end for mating to a club head, said method comprising:
immobilizing said handle end of said golf club shaft and defining a longitudinal axis passing through said handle end and extending perpendicularly with respect to a plane perpendicular to said handle end;
determining a spring constant of said golf club shaft in a transverse bending mode; and
for each of a plurality of angles about said longitudinal axis:
displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a restoring force during said displacing,
determining a difference between said measured restoring force during said displacing and an expected restoring force based on said predetermined distance and said spring constant, and
deriving from said difference and said spring constant a deviation of said tip end from said longitudinal axis at said angle.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising plotting said deviations at said plurality of angles, thereby providing a visual representation of said straightness of said shaft.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said determining said spring constant comprises:
initiating vibration of said shaft in said transverse bending mode;
measuring frequency of said vibration; and
deriving said spring constant from said frequency.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said determining said spring constant comprises:
initiating vibration of said shaft in said transverse bending mode;
measuring frequency of said vibration; and
deriving said spring constant from said frequency.
5. A method of determining straightness of a golf club shaft, said shaft having a handle end and having a tip end for mating to a club head, said method comprising:
immobilizing said handle end of said golf club shaft and defining a longitudinal axis passing through said handle end and extending perpendicularly with respect to a plane perpendicular to said handle end; and
for each of a plurality of angles about said longitudinal axis:
initially displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a first predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a first restoring force during said initial displacing,
subsequently displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a second predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a second restoring force during said subsequent displacing, and
deriving, from said first and second restoring forces and said first and second predetermined distances, a deviation of said tip end from said longitudinal axis at said angle.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising plotting said deviations at said plurality of angles, thereby providing a visual representation of said straightness of said shaft.
7. Apparatus for determining straightness of a golf club shaft, said shaft having a handle end and having a tip end for mating to a club head, said apparatus comprising:
means for immobilizing said handle end of said golf club shaft and defining a longitudinal axis passing through said handle end and extending perpendicularly with respect to a plane perpendicular to said handle end;
means for determining a spring constant of said golf club shaft in a transverse bending mode; and
means for, for each of a plurality of angles about said longitudinal axis:
displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a restoring force during said displacing,
determining a difference between said measured restoring force during said displacing and an expected restoring force based on said predetermined distance and said spring constant, and
deriving from said difference and said spring constant a deviation of said tip end from said longitudinal axis at said angle.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising means for plotting said deviations at said plurality of angles, thereby providing a visual representation of said straightness of said shaft.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said means for determining said spring constant comprises:
means for initiating vibration of said shaft in said transverse bending mode;
means for measuring frequency of said vibration; and
means for deriving said spring constant from said frequency.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said means for determining said spring constant comprises:
means for initiating vibration of said shaft in said transverse bending mode;
means for measuring frequency of said vibration; and
means for deriving said spring constant from said frequency.
11. Apparatus for determining straightness of a golf club shaft, said shaft having a handle end and having a tip end for mating to a club head, said apparatus comprising:
means for immobilizing said handle end of said golf club shaft and defining a longitudinal axis passing through said handle end and extending perpendicularly with respect to a plane perpendicular to said handle end; and
means for, for each of a plurality of angles about said longitudinal axis:
initially displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a first predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a first restoring force during said initial displacing,
subsequently displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a second predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a second restoring force during said subsequent displacing, and
deriving, from said first and second restoring forces and said first and second predetermined distances, a deviation of said tip end from said longitudinal axis at said angle.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising means for plotting said deviations at said plurality of angles, thereby providing a visual representation of said straightness of said shaft.
13. Apparatus for determining straightness of a golf club shaft, said shaft having a handle end and having a tip end for mating to a club head, said apparatus comprising:
a clamp for immobilizing said handle end of said golf club shaft and defining a longitudinal axis passing through said handle end and extending perpendicularly with respect to a plane perpendicular to said handle end;
an analyzer to determine a spring constant of said golf club shaft in a transverse bending mode; and
a deviation calculator for, for each of a plurality of angles about said longitudinal axis:
displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a restoring force during said displacing,
determining a difference between said measured restoring force during said displacing and an expected restoring force based on said predetermined distance and said spring constant, and
deriving from said difference and said spring constant a deviation of said tip end from said longitudinal axis at said angle.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a plotter to plot said deviations at said plurality of angles, thereby providing a visual representation of said straightness of said shaft.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said spring constant analyzer comprises:
a vibration generator for initiating vibration of said shaft in said transverse bending mode;
a frequency counter for measuring frequency of said vibration; and
a processor for deriving said spring constant from said frequency.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said spring constant analyzer comprises:
a vibration generator for initiating vibration of said shaft in said transverse bending mode;
a frequency counter for measuring frequency of said vibration; and
a processor for deriving said spring constant from said frequency.
17. Apparatus for determining straightness of a golf club shaft, said shaft having a handle end and having a tip end for mating to a club head, said apparatus comprising:
a clamp for immobilizing said handle end of said golf club shaft and defining a longitudinal axis passing through said handle end and extending perpendicularly with respect to a plane perpendicular to said handle end; and
a deviation calculator for, for each of a plurality of angles about said longitudinal axis:
initially displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a first predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a first restoring force during said initial displacing,
subsequently displacing said tip end of said shaft transversely to, and by a second predetermined distance from, said longitudinal axis,
measuring a second restoring force during said subsequent displacing, and
deriving, from said first and second restoring forces and said first and second predetermined distances, a deviation of said tip end from said longitudinal axis at said angle.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a plotter for plotting said deviations at said plurality of angles, thereby providing a visual representation of said straightness of said shaft.