Isolation and use of solid tumor stem cells
A small percentage of cells within an established tumor have the properties of stem cells. These solid tumor stem cells give rise both to more tumor stem cells and to the majority of cells in the tumor that have lost the capacity for extensive proliferation and the ability to give rise to new tumors. The solid tumor heterogeneity reflects the presence of tumor cell progeny arising from a solid tumor stem cell. This discovery is the basis for solid tumor stem cell compositions, methods for distinguishing functionally different populations of tumor cells, methods for using these tumor cell populations for studying the effects of therapeutic agents on tumor growth, and methods for identifying and testing novel anti-cancer therapies directed to solid tumor stem cells.
1. A method for obtaining a cellular composition comprising an enriched population of human CD44 + CD24 −/low solid tumor stem cells, the method comprising:
(a) obtaining an initial mixture of solid tumor stem cells and solid tumor cells from a human solid tumor of epithelial origin, wherein the solid tumor is not from a cell line a primary tumor or a xenograft tumor established from a primary tumor; and
(b) separating a fraction of solid tumor stem cells from the mixture of solid tumor stem cells and solid tumor cells, wherein the solid tumor stem cells are:
(i) CD44 + ;
(ii) CD24 −/low ;
(iii) enriched at least two-fold compared to the initial unfractionated mixture of solid tumor stem cells and solid tumor cells; and
(iv) tumorigenic.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating is performed by flow cytometry, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting, panning, affinity chromatography, or magnetic selection.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: (c) isolating the separated solid tumor stem cells.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid tumor stem cells are enriched at least five to six-fold compared to the initial unfractionated mixture.
5. A method of enriching for a population of CD44 + CD24 −/low solid tumor stem cells, the method comprising:
(a) dissociating a human solid tumor into an initial mixture of solid tumor stem cells and solid tumor cells, wherein the solid tumor is a primary tumor or a xenograft tumor established from a primary tumor;
(b) identifying cells in the mixture that are CD44 + CD24 −/low ; and
(c) selecting the cells that are CD44 + CD24 −/low , wherein the selected cells are enriched at least two-fold compared to the initial unfractionated mixture of tumor cells.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the selection of CD44 + CD24 −/low cells is with a first reagent that binds CD44 and a second reagent that binds CD24, wherein the cells bind the first reagent and do not detectably bind or bind poorly to the second reagent.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first or second reagent is an antibody.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first or second reagent is conjugated to a fluorochrome or magnetic particles.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the selecting is performed by flow cytometry, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting, panning, affinity chromatography, or magnetic selection.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating of CD44 + CD24 −/low cells is with a first reagent that binds CD44 and a second reagent that binds CD24, wherein the cells bind the first reagent and do not detectably bind or bind poorly to the second reagent.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first or second reagent is an antibody.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first or second reagent is conjugated to a fluorochrome or magnetic particles.
13. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: (d) isolating the CD44 + CD24 −/low cells.
14. The method of claim 5 , wherein the selected cells are enriched at least five to six-fold compared to the initial mixture of tumor cells.