Ultrasonic impact machining of body surfaces to correct defects and strengthen work surfaces
Metallic workpieces of diverse shapes having work surfaces which are deformed at the surface and adjacent sub-surface layers by surface impact from ultrasonic transducers employing freely axially moving impacting elements propelled and energized by a transducer oscillating surface vibrating periodically at an ultrasonic frequency. The impacting elements are propelled in a random aperiodic and controlled impact mode at different phases of the periodic oscillation cycles. The transducer may be portable and provides a series of mechanically interconnected stages having mechanical resonances harmonically related as a multiple of the primary ultrasonic frequency and have matched stage resistances under instantaneous loading when the impact elements are driven by the transducer oscillating surface into the surface of the workpiece. This mode of operation produces Q-factor amplification of the input ultrasonic power oscillator energy at the impact needles and high propulsion velocities making it possible to machine metallic workpiece bodies to greater depths for compressing the metal to increase compressive strength of the workpiece work surfaces to substantially the ultimate material strength. The impact machining is done at ambient temperatures.
1. Metallic body comprising a working surface to be subjected to compressive forces interfacing with a mating sub-surface region, each of said working surface and said mating sub-surface region having been plastically deformed and modified to a depth greater than a wear depth of the metallic body by machining with ultrasound impacts to produce a compressed surface layer of increased strength permitting the compressive forces to achieve a maximum strength of the metallic body metal surface.
2. The metallic body of claim 1 wherein the working surface exhibits a substantially uniform pattern of small area impact points of compressed body metal resulting from high-velocity impact members striking the metallic surface.
3. A metallic workpiece comprising a work surface for compressively interfacing with a mating sub-surface exhibiting a work surface profile obtained by machining with ultrasound impacts of the work surface and resultant transfer of ultrasound oscillations and ultrasound stress waves at sought-for impact to the work surface and said mating sub-surface, said work surface exhibiting a pattern of small area indents compressing the workpiece and said mating sub-surface being plastically deformed to eliminate inter-granular irregularities while maintaining compressive forces therein.
4. A metallic body comprising:
a working surface and a mating sub-surface region, said working surface having a plurality of indentations therein provided by ultrasound impacts in machining with a set of ultrasonic impact elements against the working surface in a random and asymmetric mode to transfer ultrasound oscillations and ultrasound stress waves at sought-for impact at the indentations to said working surface and said mating sub-surface region to provide plasticized and compressed work surface and sub-surface, the indentations arranged to correspond to values of a spacing of a surface vortex flow which forms at the working surface by a fluid as the fluid flows about the body, wherein the working surface of the metallic body, when the metallic body is in an operative mode, is immersed in said fluid in such a manner that said fluid flows across the working surface so that said fluid fills the indentations and is essentially retained therein to provide a laminar flow across the working surface.
5. A metallic body in accordance with claim 4 wherein the metallic body is a propeller.
6. Metallic body comprising a working surface to be subjected to compressive forces interfacing with a mating sub-surface region, each of said working surface and said mating sub-surface region having been plastically deformed and modified to a depth greater than a wear depth of the metallic body by ultrasound impacts in machining to produce the working surface with a substantially uniform pattern of small area impact points of compressed body metal resulting from high-velocity impact members striking the metallic surface, and the elimination of inter-granular irregularities, providing a compressed surface layer of increased strength permitting the compressive forces to achieve a maximum strength of the metallic body metal surface.