Methods of treatment with drug loaded polymeric materials
Polymeric microparticles have been developed which encapsulate therapeutic compounds such as drugs, cellular materials or components, and antigens, and can have targeting ligands directly bound to the microparticle surface. Preferred applications include use in tissue engineering matrices, wound dressings, bone repair or regeneration materials, and other applications where the microparticles are retained at the site of application or implantation. Another preferred application is in the use of microparticles to deliver anti-proliferative agents to the lining of blood vessels following angioplasty, transplantation or bypass surgery to prevent or decrease restenosis, and in cancer therapy. In still another application, the microparticles are used to treat or prevent macular degeneration when administered to the eye, where agents such as complement inhibitors are administered.
1. A method of treatment or inhibition of undesirable proliferation of cells comprising administering polymeric microparticles or nanoparticles at a site of or adjacent to a region of undesired proliferation, wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles have a diameter of between 50 nm and 1000 microns,
wherein the polymer is a hydrophobic polymer and the microparticles or nanoparticles comprise ligands with a hydrophile-lipophile balance of less than 10,
wherein the ligands have a first end inserted into the surface of the microparticles or nanoparticles, and a second end facing outwardly from the surface of the microparticles or nanoparticles,
wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles comprise an anti-proliferative factor, wherein the anti-proliferative factor is selected from the group consisting of cytotoxic, cytostatic, and anti-angiogenic agents, and
wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles are administered in an amount effective to inhibit or decrease cellular proliferation in the region of undesired proliferation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the undesired proliferation is restenosis arising from endothelial dysfunction.
3. The method of claim 1 comprising administering the microparticles or nanoparticles at the time of or immediately following angioplasty, vessel grafting, tissue or organ transplantation, administration of synthetic vessel implants, administration of synthetic joint implants or administration of other medical implants.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the cells are endothelial cells, wherein the method is for the treatment or inhibition of macular degeneration and the microparticles or nanoparticles contain an anti-proliferative or complement inhibitor in an amount effective to inhibit or decrease vascularization of the retina when the microparticles or nanoparticles are administered intraoeularly.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles are administered for the treatment of cancer.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles further comprise ligands having bound thereto targeting or attachment molecules.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the targeting molecules are specific for tumor cells and the microparticles or nanoparticles are administered to a individual having the tumor cells.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles comprise ligands present in a density of between about 10,000 and 1,000,000 ligands per square micron of microparticle or nanopartiele surface area.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a hydrophobic aliphatic polyester polymer.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles comprise a hydrophobic polymer having fatty acid conjugates inserted therein and extending outwardly from the polymeric surface.
11. The method of claim 6 wherein the targeting molecules preferentially bind to a selected cell, tissue type or molecule.
12. The method of claim 6 wherein the targeting molecules are selected from the group consisting of antibodies and fragments thereof, sugars, peptides, and ligands for cell surface receptors.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the anti-proliferative factor to be delivered is selected from the group consisting of drugs, proteins, peptides, sugars, polysaccharides, nucleotide molecules, and nucleic acid molecules.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles have a diameter that is between 0.5 and 20 microns.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles are in the form of nanoparticles having have a diameter between 50 and 500 nanometers.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the anti-proliferative factor is a cytotoxic drug selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, cyclosporine, mitomycin C, cisplatin and carboplatin, BCNU, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, adriamycin, camptothecin, paclitaxel, and rapamycin.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the ligands have a hydrophile-lipophile balance of from 1 to 6.