Method and apparatus for drilling and servicing subterranean wells with rotating coiled tubing
A system is provided for drilling and/or servicing a well bore using continuous lengths of coiled tubing in which a turntable assembly rotates a coiled tubing reel assembly and a counter balance system about the well bore such that the coiled tubing is rotated while in the well bore. A coiled tubing injector may be provided on a separate turntable assembly or on the same turntable assembly as the reel assembly.
1. A system for drilling or servicing a well with coiled tubing, comprising:
a first rotatable base comprising a bearing system rotatably fixing the base to a floor;
a reel assembly comprising a support structure adapted to support a reel of coiled tubing, which reel of coiled tubing has an axis of rotation that is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the well, the support structure comprising an alignment system to align the coiled tubing with the well as the coiled tubing is payed on and off the reel; the reel assembly located near a periphery of the first base;
a coil tubing injector head disposed adjacent the reel assembly and aligned with the well;
a transducer system associated with the injector head that detects the orientation of the coiled tubing relative to the well and generates one or more signals for energizing the alignment system;
a second rotatable base to which the injector is coupled, and wherein the first rotatable base and the second rotatable base are capable of relative rotation there between;
a counterbalance assembly located on the first base substantially opposite the reel assembly and moveable toward and away from the reel assembly to maintain balance of the first rotatable base as coiled tubing is payed on and off the reel; and
a motive system for turning the first base and thereby transmitting torque to the coiled tubing in the well.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a torque measurement system adapted to determine an amount of reactive torque on the tubing in the well.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the alignment system comprises a first set of one or more hydraulic cylinders that move the reel toward the well as coiled tubing is payed off and a second set of one or more hydraulic cylinders that translate the reel relative to the well as coiled tubing is payed off.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the motive system comprises one or more hydraulic motors engaging a ring gear coupled to the base.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the motive system causes the base to rotate at a speed of about 0 to 20 rpm and generate a torque on the coiled tubing of up to about 13,000 foot-lbf.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the floor comprises a plurality of sections adapted to be repositioned for travel.
7. The system of claim 6 , further comprising a mobile rig.
8. A system for drilling or servicing a well with coiled tubing, comprising
a platform assembly having a lower portion and an upper portion spaced above the lower portion;
a first rotatable base having an axis of rotation that substantially coincides with a longitudinal axis of the well, the first base disposed on the upper platform portion and comprising a bearing system rotatably fixing the first base to the upper portion;
a reel assembly disposed on the first base comprising a support structure adapted to support a reel of coiled tubing such that an axis of rotation of the reel of coiled tubing is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal well axis, the support structure comprising an alignment system to align the reel of coiled tubing in at least two directions with respect to the well as the coiled tubing is payed on and off the reel;
a coil tubing injector disposed on a second rotatable base having an axis of rotation that substantially coincides with the longitudinal well axis, the coil tubing injector and the first base capable of relative rotation there between;
a transducer system associated with the injector that detects the orientation of the coiled tubing relative to the well and generates one or more signals for energizing the alignment system;
a counterbalance assembly located on the first rotatable base substantially opposite the reel assembly and moveable toward and away from the reel assembly and side to side relative to the reel assembly to maintain balance of the first rotatable base as coiled tubing is payed on and off the reel; and
a motive system for turning the first base and thereby transmitting torque to the coiled tubing in the well.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a torque measurement system adapted to determine an amount of differential torque between the first and second rotatable base.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the motive system comprises one or more hydraulic motors engaging a ring gear coupled to the base.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the motive system causes the first base to rotate at a speed of about 0 to 20 rpm and generate a torque on the coiled tubing of up to about 13,000 foot-lbf.
12. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a mobile rig.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the floor comprises a plurality of sections adapted to be repositioned for travel.
14. A method of drilling or servicing a well comprising:
providing a floor assembly oriented about a well;
providing a first rotating structure associated with the floor and having an axis of rotation substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis of the well;
providing a coiled tubing reel assembly adapted to support a reel of coiled tubing such that an axis of rotation of the reel of coiled tubing is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal well axis, and a counterbalance assembly;
providing a second rotating structure associated with the first floor and having an axis of rotation substantially aligned with the longitudinal well axis, and comprising a tubing injector;
uncoiling tubing off of the reel and into the injector;
injecting the uncoiled tubing into the well;
detecting a position of the tubing relative to the well;
adjusting the position of the reel assembly to maintain the coiled tubing in substantial alignment with the well based on the detected tubing position;
adjusting the counterbalance assembly to balance the first rotating structure as tubing is uncoiled; and
rotating the first rotating structure to thereby rotate the uncoiled tubing in the well.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the well is under balanced.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the well is overbalanced.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising determining any differential torque between the first rotating structure and the second rotating structure.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the axis of rotation of the reel of coiled tubing is offset from the longitudinal well axis.
19. The system of claim 8 , wherein the axis of rotation of the reel of coiled tubing is offset from the longitudinal well axis.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the axis of rotation of the reel of coiled tubing is offset from the longitudinal well axis.
21. A system for drilling or servicing a well with coiled tubing, comprising
a first base having an axis of rotation that substantially coincides with a longitudinal axis of the well, the first base comprising:
a reel structure adapted to support a reel of coiled tubing such that an axis of rotation of the reel is substantially normal to the axis of rotation of the first base;
an alignment system for aligning the reel in at least two directions with respect to the well as the coiled tubing is payed on or off the reel; and
a counterbalance assembly located substantially opposite the reel structure and moveable at least toward and away from the reel structure and side-to-side relative to the reel structure to maintain balance of the first rotatable base as coiled tubing is payed on or off the reel; and
a second base that can rotate relative to the first base and having an axis of rotation that substantially coincides with the longitudinal well axis, the second base comprising:
a coil tubing injector; and
a transducer system adapted to detect the position of the tubing relative to the injector and to generate one or more signals for energizing the alignment system.
22. The system of claim 21 further comprising a torque measurement system adapted to determine an amount of differential or reactive torque between the first and second bases when the first base is rotated.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the alignment system comprises a first set of one or more hydraulic cylinders adapted to move the reel toward the well as coiled tubing is payed on or off and a second set of one or more hydraulic cylinders that translate the reel relative to the well as coiled tubing is payed on or off.
24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the system comprises a motorized vehicle.
25. The system of claims 24 , wherein the system is collapsible for transport.
26. A method for drilling or servicing a well with coiled tubing, comprising:
providing a first base having an axis of rotation that substantially coincides with a longitudinal axis of the well, the first base comprising:
a reel structure adapted to support a reel of coiled tubing such that an axis of rotation of the reel is substantially normal to the axis of rotation of the first base;
an alignment system for aligning the reel in at least two directions with respect to the well as the coiled tubing is payed on or off the reel; and
a counterbalance assembly located substantially opposite the reel structure and moveable at least toward and away from the reel structure and side to side relative to the reel structure to maintain balance of the first rotatable base as coiled tubing is payed on or off the reel; and
providing a second base that can rotate relative to the first base and having an axis of rotation that substantially coincides with the longitudinal well axis, the second base comprising:
a coil tubing injector; and
a transducer system adapted to detect the position of the tubing relative to the injector and to generate one or more signals for energizing the alignment system;
injecting tubing into the well through the injector;
rotating the first base;
detecting the position of the tubing relative to the injector; and
energizing the alignment system based on the detected tubing position.
27. The method of claim 26 , further comprising determining any differential torque between the first base and the second base when the first base is rotated.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the alignment system comprises a first set of one or more hydraulic cylinders adapted to move the reel toward the well as coiled tubing is payed on or off and a second set of one or more hydraulic cylinders that translate the reel relative to the well as coiled tubing is payed on or off.