Inducible fluorescence assay
In one aspect, the invention provides fluorescent probes and assays. The probes include a fluorophore-quencher pair that undergoes a switch from dark to fluorescent in response to a reaction of the quencher. The switch of the probe from dark to fluorescent is typically mediated by an enzyme that acts directly or indirectly on the quencher, interfering with its ability to quench fluorescence emission from the fluorophore. In another aspect, the invention provides a reporter gene assay system and methods of using this system. The assay system includes a fluorophore-quencher probe and an enzyme that acts directly or indirectly on the quencher, increasing the fluorescent emission of the fluorophore. In still other aspects, the invention provides nucleic acid constructs and cells expressing the peptide products of these constructs. In assays of the invention, the presence of a target substance is detected by the switching of fluorescence mediated by the change in oxidation state of the quencher. The assay systems are of use in numerous assay formats, e.g., confirming the expression of the enzyme that acts on the quencher, and/or detecting a species conjugated to the enzyme.
1. A mixture comprising:
(a) a probe comprising a fluorophore and a quencher joined by a linker, wherein said quencher is a substrate for an azoreductase, wherein said quencher and said linker have the structure:
wherein
R 4 and R 5 are members independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;
R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are members independently selected from H, —NR 10 R 11 , substituted or unsubstituted aryl, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, and OH
wherein
R 10 and R 11 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;
a is an integer from 0to 4;
b is an integer from 0 to 4; and
c is an integer from 0 to 4; and
X 1 and X 2 are members independently selected from —CH 3 , and a bond to said fluorophore, and at least one member selected from X 1 and X 2 is said bond to said fluorophore; and
(b) a cell expressing said azoreductase, said cell comprising a vector comprising a nucleic acid coding said azoreductase operably linked to a promoter.
2. A mixture comprising:
(a) a probe comprising a fluorophore and quencher joined by a linker, wherein said quencher is a substrate for an azoreductase, wherein said quencher and said linker have the structure:
wherein
R 4 and R 5 are members independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;
R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are members independently selected from H, —NR 10 R 11 , substituted or unsubstituted aryl, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, and OH
wherein
R 10 and R 11 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;
a is an integer from 0to 4;
b is an integer from 0 to 4; and
c is an integer from 0 to 4; and
X 1 and X 2 are members independently selected from —CH 3 , and a bond to said fluorophore, and at least one member selected from X 1 and X 2 is said bond to said fluorophore; and
(b) a cell expressing said azoreductase, said cell comprising a vector comprising a nucleic acid coding said azoreductase operably linked to a promoter, wherein said nucleic acid has a sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
3. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said azoreductase is conjugated to a target species.
4. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said azoreductase is conjugated to a binding partner for a target species.
5. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said probe is conjugated to a target species.
6. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said probe is conjugated to a binding partner for a target species.
7. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said quencher has substantially no native fluorescence.
8. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said quencher has an absorbance maximum of from about 400 nm to about 1000 nm.
9. The mixture according to claim 8 , wherein said quencher has an absorbance maximum of from about 500 nm to about 760 nm.
10. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said azoreductase is a recombinant azoreductase.
11. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said reductase is a fusion protein comprising a first peptide domain having azoreductase activity and a second peptide domain.
12. The mixture according to claim 11 , wherein said second peptide domain is an antibody or a fragment thereof maintaining antigen binding ability.
13. A mixture comprising:
(a) a probe comprising a fluorophore and quencher joined by a linker, wherein said quencher is a substrate for an azoreductase, wherein said quencher and said linker having a structure that is a member selected from:
wherein,
in the absence of Y, X is a bond to said fluorophore, or a linker bound to said fluorophore,
in the presence of Y, X and Y are members independently selected from H, a bond to said fluorophore, and a linker bound to said fluorophore, with the proviso that at least one of X and Y is said bond to fluorophore or said linker bound to said fluorophore H; and
(b) a cell expressing said azoreductase, said cell comprising a vector comprising a nucleic acid coding said azoreductase operably linked to a promoter.
14. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said probe is a member selected from: