Process and apparatus for the control of undesirable organisms in a water system
There is described a process for the treatment of water to prevent the survival of unwanted organisms in said water. The process is based on the supply of gas into the water at pressures greater than 1 atmosphere, while ensuring that the mass transport of gas into the water is greater than the mass loss across the air-water (surface) interface, i.e. such that a gas super-saturated condition is established. Further, there is described an apparatus or system for the treatment of a body of water, i.e. to prevent the survival of organisms in said water. A preferable embodiment comprises a compressor which delivers a compressed gas to said water system in an amount sufficient to establish a supersaturated condition in said body of water.
1. A process for killing an organism in a water system, said process comprising introducing a gas into the water system in an amount sufficient to establish a supersaturated condition, wherein the amount of gas is at a level of more than 110%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure, thereby killing the organism, wherein the water system includes a ballast tank of a ship.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gas is a pressurized gas.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gas is introduced into said water system under suction.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of at least 111%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of at least 114%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of at least 116%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas supersaturated condition in said water system is maintained for more than 1 hour.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the gas supersaturated condition in said water system is maintained for more than 12 hours.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gas is air.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gas is nitrogen.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the supersaturation condition causes gas bubble disease in the organism.
12. A process for killing an organism in a water system, said process comprising introducing a gas into the water system in an amount sufficient to establish a supersaturated condition for a duration of time sufficient to cause gas bubble disease in the organism, thereby killing the organism, wherein the water system includes a ballast tank of a ship.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein said gas is a pressurized gas.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein said gas is introduced into said water system under suction.
15. The process of claim 12 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of more than 110%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of at least 111%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of at least 114%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the amount of gas is at a level of at least 116%, relative to the saturation level for said gas at 1 atm pressure.
19. The process of claim 12 , wherein the gas supersaturated condition in said water system is maintained for more than 1 hour.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the gas supersaturated condition in said water system is maintained for more than 12 hours.
21. The process of claim 12 , wherein said gas is air.
22. The process of claim 12 , wherein said gas is nitrogen.
23. An apparatus for treatment of a ship's ballast water, said apparatus comprising:
a pump for generating a pressurized ballast water stream;
a gas compressor for delivering a compressed gas into the ballast water stream in an amount sufficient to establish a supersaturated condition in the ballast water stream;
a meter for measuring the level of supersaturation in the ballast water;
a controller for receiving a signal from said meter indicative of the measured level of supersaturation in the ballast water, the controller being in communication with the gas compressor to control the delivery of the gas into the ballast water stream; and
a ballast tank.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the pump is an existing ballast pump on the ship.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the ballast water is taken from outside the ship.
26. The apparatus of claim 23 , further comprising a diffusor through which the compressed gas is delivered into the ballast water stream.
27. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the meter is located outside the ballast tank.
28. The apparatus of claim 23 , further comprising a valve for preventing pressurized water from entering the gas compressor.