Stacked transistors and process
A method of horizontally stacking transistors on a common semiconductor substrate is initiated by providing a single crystal, generally silicon, semiconductor substrate. A plurality of transistors are formed on the single crystal semiconductor substrate and encapsulated in an insulating layer, such as silicon dioxide. One or more openings are formed through the insulating layer between the plurality of transistors so as to expose a surface of the single crystal semiconductor substrate. A layer of single crystal rare earth insulator material is epitaxially grown on the exposed surface of the single crystal semiconductor substrate. A layer of single crystal semiconductor material, generally silicon, is epitaxially grown on the layer of single crystal rare earth insulator material. An intermixed transistor is formed on the layer of single crystal semiconductor material.
1. Horizontally stacked transistors comprising:
a single crystal semiconductor substrate;
a plurality of transistors formed on the single crystal semiconductor substrate;
the plurality of transistors encapsulated in an insulating layer;
an opening through the insulating layer between the plurality of transistors, the opening exposing a surface of the single crystal semiconductor substrate;
a first layer of single crystal rare earth insulator material epitaxially grown on the exposed surface of the single crystal semiconductor substrate and lattice matched to the single crystal semiconductor substrate;
a first layer of single crystal semiconductor material epitaxially grown on the first layer of single crystal rare earth insulator material; and
an intermixed transistor formed on the first layer of single crystal semiconductor material.
2. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 1 wherein the single crystal semiconductor substrate includes a silicon substrate and the first layer of single crystal semiconductor material includes a layer of single crystal silicon.
3. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 1 wherein the intermixed transistor includes a gate insulator layer of rare earth insulating material on the surface of the first layer of single crystal semiconductor material, a gate stack layer on the gate insulator layer, the gate stack layer and the gate insulator layer being etched to define a transistor gate with source and drain areas on opposite sides thereof, the source and drain areas being doped to form a source and drain, and metal contacts deposited on the source, drain and gate stack.
4. Horizontally stacked transistors comprising:
a single crystal semiconductor substrate;
a plurality of transistors formed on the single crystal semiconductor substrate;
the plurality of transistors being encapsulated in an insulating layer;
an opening formed through the insulating layer between the plurality of transistors, the opening exposing a surface of the single crystal semiconductor substrate; and
at least one layer combination of a single crystal rare earth conductive layer and a single crystal rare earth insulating layer epitaxially grown on the exposed surface of the single crystal semiconductor substrate and lattice matched to the single crystal semiconductor substrate.
5. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 4 further including a first layer of single crystal semiconductor material epitaxially grown on the layer combination, and an intermixed transistor formed on the first layer of single crystal semiconductor material.
6. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 5 wherein the intermixed transistor includes a gate insulator layer of rare earth insulating material epitaxially grown on the surface of the first layer of single crystal semiconductor material, a gate stack layer epitaxially grown on the gate insulator layer, the gate stack layer and the gate insulator layer being etched to define a transistor gate with source and drain areas on opposite sides thereof, the source and drain areas being doped to form a source and drain, and metal contacts deposited on the source, drain and gate stack.
7. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 5 further including a plurality of openings formed through the insulating layer, and a plurality of intermixed transistors, one each formed in each of the plurality of openings.
8. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 7 wherein the plurality of intermixed transistors include transistors that are one of a different type and a different conductivity from the plurality of transistors.
9. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 5 wherein the single crystal semiconductor substrate includes a silicon substrate and the first layer of single crystal semiconductor material includes a layer of single crystal silicon.
10. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 4 wherein the single crystal rare earth conductive layer of the layer combination interconnects portions of the plurality of transistors.
11. Horizontally stacked transistors as claimed in claim 4 wherein the single crystal rare earth conductive layer of the layer combination forms at least a portion of an inactive component of a circuit.