Methods for assessing a condition by analyzing blood in cerebrospinal fluid
The present invention provides methods for assessing a condition in an individual by analyzing a cerebrospinal fluid sample from the individual, for example, by spectroscopy. Further, the invention provides methods for determining an amount of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid sample; methods for determining concentrations of analytes in the cerebrospinal fluid sample; methods for determining a length of time the blood has been in the cerebrospinal fluid sample; and methods for rapidly obtaining a differential diagnosis between conditions indicated by blood in the cerebral spinal fluid. Moreover, the present invention provides instruments capable of rapidly assessing a condition in and individual by point-of-care analysis of a cerebral fluid sample from an individual.
1. A point-of-care method for assessing whether a condition in an individual is a hemorrhagic condition, comprising the steps of:
(a) obtaining a cerebrospinal fluid sample comprising at least one analyte from an individual;
(b) analyzing the cerebrospinal fluid sample by a spectrophotometer which scans an entire spectral wavelength range of from about 350 nm to about 650 nm and determines absorption data of at least one analyte in the sample over the entire spectral wavelength range;
(c) determining a concentration of at least one analyte in the sample by applying a mathematical algorithm to the absorption data over the entire spectral wavelength range of step (b); and
(d) assessing at the point-of-care of the individual whether the condition of the individual is a hemorrhagic condition based on the concentration of at least one analyte determined in step (c),
wherein the concentration of at least one analyte in the sample may be determined in the presence of one or more additional proteins in the sample.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spectral wavelength range is from about 450 to about 500 nm or from about 390 to about 420 nm, or both.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spectral wavelength range is from about 486 nm to about 524 nm.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of constructing a spectral absorption curve from the absorption data, wherein the spectral absorption curve plots absorption versus wavelength.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one analyte comprises methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, bilirubin, or a combination thereof.
6. The method according to claim 4 , further comprising the step of determining the concentration of methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, bilirubin or a combination thereof from a mathematical algorithm applied to the spectral absorption curve.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the mathematical algorithm comprises a linear regression algorithm, a modified minimum distance algorithm, a first or second order derivative algorithm, or some combination thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid sample comprises determining a length of time since blood was introduced into the cerebrospinal fluid.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the length of time since blood was introduced into the cerebrospinal fluid correlates with the concentration of at least one analyte in the cerebrospinal fluid sample.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the length of time-since blood was introduced into the cerebrospinal fluid is used to assess a course of therapy for the condition.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the length of time since blood was introduced into the cerebrospinal fluid is used to design a therapy for the condition.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid sample comprises determining an amount of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid sample.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the amount of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid sample correlates to a level of severity of the condition.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hemorrhagic condition is selected from the group consisting of stroke, head injury, hemorrhage subarachnoid hemorrhage, arterial malformation, venous malformations, tumor, or a combination thereof.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the condition comprises a hemorrhage.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the individual is suspected of having suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
17. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of obtaining sequential cerebrospinal fluid samples from the individual.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the sequential samples are analyzed to assess a level of severity of the condition.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the sequential samples are analyzed to assess efficacy of a treatment.
20. The method according to claim 15 , further comprising the step of obtaining sequential cerebrospinal fluid samples from the individual.
21. The method according to claim 20 , further comprising the step of analyzing the sequential samples to determine if the hemorrhage is continuing or resolving.
22. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the condition comprises a hemorrhage.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the length of time since blood was introduced into the cerebrospinal fluid is used to confirm a time the hemorrhage occurred.
24. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of assessing whether the presence of the analyte in the cerebrospinal fluid sample is the result of traumatic spinal tap, based on the concentration of at least one analyte determined in step (c).
25. A point-of-care method for diagnosing a subarachnoid hemorrhage, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) obtaining a cerebrospinal fluid sample comprising at least one analyte from an individual suspected of having a subarachnoid hemorrhage;
(b) analyzing the cerebrospinal fluid sample by a spectrophotometer which scans an entire spectral wavelength range of from about 350 nm to about 650 nm and determines absorption data of at least one analyte in the sample over the entire spectral wavelength range;
(c) determining a concentration of at least one analyte in the sample by applying a mathematical algorithm to the absorption data over the entire spectral wavelength range of step (b); and
(d) determining at the point-of-care of the individual whether the individual is suffering from a subarachnoid hemorrhage based on the concentration of at least one analyte determined in step (c), wherein the concentration of at least one analyte may be determined in the presence of one or more additional proteins in the sample.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the at least one analyte is selected from the group consisting of bilirubin, oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and combinations thereof.