Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same
Embodiments of the present invention include methods of producing a composite article. A method comprises introducing a first powdered metal grade from a feed shoe into a first portion of a cavity in a die and a second powdered metal grade from the feed shoe into a second portion of the cavity, wherein the first powder metal grade differs from the second powdered metal grade in chemical composition or particle size. Further methods are also provided. Embodiments of the present invention also comprise composite inserts for material removal operations. The composite inserts may comprise a first region and a second region, wherein the first region comprises a first composite material and the second region comprises a second composite material.
1. A composite milling insert for a modular rotary tool, comprising:
a top region;
a bottom region; and
an angled side wall connecting the top region and the bottom region,
wherein the top region comprises a first composite material and the bottom region comprises a second composite material, and wherein the first composite material differs from the second composite material in at least one characteristic.
2. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein the first and second composite materials individually comprise hard particles in a binder and the hard particles independently comprise at least one of a carbide, a nitride, a boride, a silicide, an oxide, and solid solutions thereof and the binder comprises at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, iron, ruthenium, palladium, and alloys thereof.
3. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein the characteristic is at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of composition, grain size, modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance, fracture toughness, tensile strength, corrosion resistance, coefficient of thermal expansion, and coefficient of thermal conductivity.
4. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first composite material within the top region differs from the modulus of elasticity of the second composite material within the bottom region.
5. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the hardness and wear resistance of the first composite material within the top region differs from the second composite material within the bottom region.
6. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first composite material differs from the modulus of elasticity of the second composite material.
7. The composite insert of claim 6 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first composite material within the bottom region is 90×10 6 to 95×10 6 psi and the modulus of elasticity of the second composite material within the top region is 69×10 6 to 92×10 6 psi.
8. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the hardness and wear resistance of the first composite material differs from the second composite material.
9. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein the first composite material comprises 6 to 15 weight percent cobalt alloy and the second composite material comprises 10 to 15 weight percent cobalt alloy.
10. The composite insert of claim 1 , wherein the first composite material and the second composite material individually comprise metal carbide in a binder.
11. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the metal of the metal carbide of the first composite material and the metal of the metal carbide of second composite material are individually selected from titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and niobium.
12. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the top region is autogenously bonded to the bottom region by a matrix of the binders.
13. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the binder of the first composite material and the binder of the second composite material each individually comprise a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, cobalt alloy, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, nickel alloy, iron, and iron alloy.
14. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the binder of the first composite material and the binder of the second composite material differ in chemical composition.
15. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the weight percentage of the binder of the first composite material differs from the weight percentage of the binder of the second composite material.
16. The composite insert of claim 15 , wherein one of the first composite material and the second composite material includes 1 to 10 weight percent more of the binder than the other of the first composite material and the second composite material.
17. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the metal carbide of the first composite material differs from the metal carbide of the second composite material in at least one of chemical composition and average grain size.
18. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the first composite material and the second composite material individually comprise 2 to 40 weight percent of the binder and 60 to 98 weight percent of the metal carbide.
19. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein the metal carbide is a tungsten carbide.
20. The composite insert of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the first composite material and the second composite material comprises tungsten carbide particles having an average grain size between 0.3 and 10 μm.
21. The composite insert of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the first composite material and the second composite material comprises tungsten carbide particles having an average grain size of 0.5 to 10 μm and the other of the first composite material and the second composite material comprises tungsten carbide particles having an average particle size of 0.3 to 1.5 μm.