Manganese oxide nanowires, films, and membranes and methods of making
Nanowires, films, and membranes comprising ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves, and methods of making, are disclosed. A single crystal ultra-long nanowire includes an ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieve, and has an average length greater than about 10 micrometers and an average diameter of about 5 nanometers to about 100 nanometers. A film comprises a microporous network comprising a plurality of single crystal nanowires in the form of a layer, wherein a plurality of layers is stacked on a surface of a substrate, wherein the nanowires of each layer are substantially axially aligned. A free standing membrane comprises a microporous network comprising a plurality of single crystal nanowires in the form of a layer, wherein a plurality of layers is aggregately stacked, and wherein the nanowires of each layer are substantially axially aligned.
1. A film, comprising a microporous network comprising a plurality of single crystal nanowires in the form of a layer, wherein a plurality of layers is stacked on a surface of a substrate, wherein the nanowires comprise ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves and have average lengths greater than about 10 micrometers and substantially uniform average diameters of about 5 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, and wherein the nanowires of each layer are substantially axially aligned.
2. The film of claim 1 , further comprising a change in a direction of a nanowire orientation of about 90° between each layer of the plurality of layers.
3. The film of claim 1 , wherein a counter cation of the ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral, molecular sieves comprises a cation of H, Li, K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Ag, W, Zr, Ti, Cd, Zn, Ln, ammonium, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing cations.
4. The film of claim 1 , further comprising a framework substituting cation, wherein the framework substituting cation of the ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves comprises a cation of H, Li, K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Mg. Ca, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Ag, W, Zr, Ti, Cd, Zn, Ln, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing cations.
5. The film of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is stamped with a pattern and the film adopts the pattern of the stamped substrate.
6. The film of claim 1 , wherein an average thickness of the film, not including the substrate, is about 1 micrometer to about 1.0 millimeters.
7. The film of claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the film is about 10 squared meters per gram to about 500 squared meters per gram.
8. The film of claim 1 , further comprising a metal, alloy, organic molecule, polymer, catalyst, enzyme, ceramic, glass, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, embedded within an empty space of the microporous network.
9. A free standing membrane, comprising a microporous network comprising a plurality of single crystal nanowires in the form of a layer, wherein a plurality of layers is aggregately stacked, wherein the nanowires comprise ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves and have average lengths greater than about 10 micrometers and substantially uniform average diameters of about 5 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, and wherein the nanowires of each layer are substantially axially aligned.
10. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , further comprising a change in direction of a nanowire orientation of about 90° between each layer of the plurality of layers.
11. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , wherein a counter cation of the ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves comprises a cation of H, Li, K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, V,Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Ag, W, Zr, Ti, Cd, Zn, Ln, ammonium, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing cations.
12. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , further comprising a framework substituting cation, wherein the framework substituting cation of the ordered porous manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves comprises a cation of H, Li, K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Ag, W, Zr, Ti, Cd, Zn, Ln, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing cations.
13. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , wherein an average thickness of the free standing membrane is about 1 micrometer to about 10 millimeters.
14. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , wherein a surface area of the free standing membrane is about 10 squared meters per gram to about 500 squared meters per gram.
15. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , further comprising a metal, alloy, organic molecule, polymer, catalyst, enzyme, ceramic, glass, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, embedded within an empty space of the microporous network.
16. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , wherein a tensile strength of the free standing membrane is about 0.1 megaPascals to about 10 megaPascals.
17. The free standing membrane of claim 9 , wherein the free standing membrane may be patterned, written on, folded, cut into a shape, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, while remaining essentially intact.