Ruminant feed pellet composition with controlled release of physiologically active substances, and procedure for preparation and use thereof
The subject of this invention is a controlled release composition for zootechnical use. In particular, the subject of this invention is a composition comprising micro-pellets that are able to release the physiologically active substances they contain in a controlled manner. In addition, this invention refers to a procedure for preparing said composition as well as the use of said composition in the zootechnical sector.
1. A granule for animal feed for a ruminant with controlled release of a physiologically active substance, said granule comprising a core, a first layer surrounding the core, and a second layer surrounding the first layer, said core comprising a matrix along with one or more physiologically active substances selected from the group consisting of amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, probiotic micro-organisms, prebiotic foods, mineral salts, choline, choline chloride, choline bi-tartrate, di-hydrogenated citrate of choline, bicarbonate of choline, choline sulphate, choline hydroxide, vitamin C acetate, and organic acids, said matrix comprising carnauba wax and/or microcrystalline wax, the layers together being effective to protect the physiologically active substance from ruminal activity while allowing effective release of the physiologically active substance into the post-rumen portion of the digestive tract of the ruminant, the first layer comprising a first hydrophobic substance selected from the group consisting of fats, fatty acids, hydrogenated oils, mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, esters of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, with chains from 12 to 22 atoms of carbon and a melting point of from 40 to 74° C., said first layer providing an effective water-repellent film that is stable under the conditions in the rumen for at least 8 hours, the second layer consisting of a second hydrophobic substance selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline waxes, paraffin waxes, vegetable waxes and synthetic waxes, the second layer having a melting point of from 80 to 100° C., said second layer being effective to protect the core and the first layer from degradation from pressure, impact and mechanical and thermal stress encountered during mixing and pelletization of said granules into an animal feed pellet.
2. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the physiologically active substance is selected from the group consisting of: methionine, choline, choline chloride, lysine, vitamin C, vitamin C acetate, vitamin E, vitamin B 2 , vitamin PP and a mixture of acids comprising lactic acid, fumaric, citric and malic acid.
3. The granule according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix contains carnauba wax and microcrystalline wax in a weight ratio of from 1:3 to 3:1.
4. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the matrix contains only microcrystalline wax.
5. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the first hydrophobic substance has a melting point of from 60 to 64° C.
6. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the first hydrophobic substance is selected from the group consisting of: lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearine, hydrogenated soya oil, hydrogenated cotton oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated linseed oil, sodium glyceril mono-, di-, tri-stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, stearyl alcohol, and cetyl stearyl alcohol.
7. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the first hydrophobic substance is hydrogenated palm oil and/or hydrogenated soya oil.
8. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the second hydrophobic substance is carnauba wax and/or microcrystalline wax.
9. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the matrix moreover includes hydrophobic silicates selected from the group consisting of: colloidal silica, amorphous synthetic silica, precipitated silica, sodium aluminium silicates, calcium silicate, talc, kaolin, synthetic hydrophobic zeolites, magnesium stearate and BHT.
10. The granule according to claim 1 wherein the granule has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of from 0.5 to 5 mm; and a length of from 0.5 to 5 mm.
11. A procedure for the preparation of a granule for animal feed according to claim 1 , the procedure comprising the following steps: (1) extrusion of a composition comprising (a) one or more physiologically active substances selected from the group consisting of: amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, probiotic micro-organisms, prebiotic foods, mineral salts, choline, choline chloride, choline bi-tartrate, di-hydrogenated citrate of choline, bicarbonate of choline, choline sulphate, choline hydroxide, vitamin C acetate, and organic acids and (b) a matrix comprising a carnauba wax and/or a microcrystalline wax, to yield a core; (2) formation of a first layer around the core, the first layer comprising a first hydrophobic substance selected from the group consisting of: fats, fatty acids, hydrogenated oils, mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, esters of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, with chains from 12 to 22 atoms of carbon and a melting point of from 40 to 74° C.; and (3) formation of a second layer around the first layer, the second layer consisting of a second hydrophobic substance selected from the group consisting of: microcrystalline waxes, paraffin waxes, vegetable waxes and synthetic waxes, the second layer having a melting point of from 80 to 100° C., the procedure yielding the granule for animal feed according to claim 1 .
12. The procedure according to claim 11 wherein the first and the second layers are made with a hot melt coating technique.
13. The procedure according to claim 11 wherein the physiologically active substance is selected from the group consisting of: methionine, choline, choline chloride, lysine, vitamin C, vitamin C acetate, vitamin E, vitamin B 2 , vitamin PP and a mixture of acids comprising lactic acid, fumaric, citric and malic acid.
14. The procedure according to claim 11 wherein the matrix contains carnauba wax and microcrystalline wax in a weight ratio of from 1:3 to 3:1.
15. The procedure according to claim 11 wherein the first hydrophobic substance has a melting point of from 60 to 64° C.
16. The procedure according to claim 11 wherein the first hydrophobic substance is selected from the group consisting of: lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearine, hydrogenated soya oil, hydrogenated cotton oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated linseed oil, sodium glyceril mono-, di-, tri-stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, stearyl alcohol, and cetyl stearyl alcohol.
17. A premix for animal feeding containing the granule according to claim 1 .
18. The premix according to claim 17 , said premix being in a feed for animal feeding.
19. The granule according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix contains carnauba wax and microcrystalline wax in a weight ratio of 1:1.
20. The granule according to claim 1 , wherein the granule has a substantially cylindrical shape with a diameter of from 0.8 to 1.2 mm and a length of from 0.8 to 2.0 mm.
21. The granule according to claim 1 , wherein the second hydrophobic substance is selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline waxes.
22. The granule according to claim 1 , wherein the second hydrophobic substance is selected from the group consisting of vegetable waxes.
23. The granule according to claim 1 , wherein the second hydrophobic substance is carnauba wax.