Heating element on the polymer inside surface of a motor vehicle front-end module/bumper in an operative connection to a radar transmitter/receiver unit
A heating element for an inside surface of a front-end module/bumper for a motor vehicle. The heating element is operatively connected to a radar transmitting/receiving unit. The heating element includes a heating film formed of a polymer, an array of conductor strips integrated into the heating film, and an electronic control element that controls the conductor strips. The array of conductor strips is divided into an inner region through which a radar beam from the radar transmitting/receiving unit is transmitted, and an outer region through which the radar beam is not transmitted. The conductor strips in the inner region are inclined by angles of about 45° to about 90° relative to a polarization plane of the radar beam. The conductor strips in the outer region are arranged in a meandering pattern.
1. A heating element for an inside surface of a polymeric front-end module/bumper for a motor vehicle, the heating element being operatively connected to a radar transmitting/receiving unit, the heating element comprising:
a heating film formed of at least one of the polymers selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, and cross-linked polyethylene, the heating film having a thickness in the range of about 0.1 to about 0.3 mm;
an array of conductor strips integrated into the polymer heating film, the conductor strips having widths in the range of about 0.4 to about 2 mm, the array of conductor strips being divided into an inner region through which a radar beam from the radar transmitting/receiving unit is transmitted, and an outer region through which the radar beam is not transmitted;
an electronic control element that controls when the conductor strips heat up the heating film; and
connecting pads and an electric circuit adapted to connect the conductor strips and the electronic control element to a power supply of the motor vehicle;
wherein the conductor strips in the inner region are uniformly spaced apart at distances ranging from about 2.8 to about 6 mm and are inclined by angles of about 45° to about 90° relative to a polarization plane of the radar beam, and the conductor strips in the outer region are arranged in a meandering pattern and are spaced apart at distances ranging from about 1 to about 6 mm;
further wherein a heating output in the range of about 10 to about 150 watts is supplied from the vehicle power supply to the conductor strips, the heating output being electronically controlled by the electronic control element.
2. The heating element of claim 1 , wherein the electronic control element controls the heating output based on the outside temperature, in a temperature interval range of −15° C. to +15° C.
3. The heating element of claim 1 , wherein the electronic control element is at least one of a PTC element or a NTC element.
4. The heating element of claim 1 , wherein the conductor strips in the outer region are adapted and configured to provide greater heating output than the conductor strips in the inner region.
5. The heating element of claim 1 , wherein the heating output of the outer region is between about 1.05 and about 3 times greater than the heating output of the inner region.
6. The heating element of claim 1 , wherein the array of conductor strips comprises at least two redundant layers of conductor strips.
7. The heating element of claim 1 , further comprising a covering film of foamed polyethylene or polypropylene deposited on the heating film, the covering film having a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 1.5 mm.
8. The heating element of claim 7 , further comprising a heat-reflecting coating deposited on an inside surface of the covering film, wherein the inside surface faces the conductor strips.
9. The heating element of claim 8 , wherein the heat-reflecting coating includes a layer of at least one of the materials selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxinitride.
10. The heating element of claim 8 , wherein the heat-reflecting coating has a layer thickness ranging from about 300 to about 900 μm.
11. The heating element of claim 8 , further comprising a border that seals the heating film, the covering film, and the heat-reflecting coating along an outer periphery of the heating element, the border comprising at least one of a sealing varnish, a sealing paste, or a hot-melt glue.
12. The heating element of claim 1 , wherein the array is operatively connected to a radar transmitting/receiving unit, and is arranged on the inside surface of a polymeric front-end module/bumper for a motor vehicle.
13. The heating element of claim 12 , further including a license plate holder located on the polymeric front-end module/bumper, wherein the array is centrally mounted in front of the radar transmitting/receiving unit on the inside surface of the polymeric front-end module/bumper proximate the license plate holder.
14. The heating element of claim 12 , wherein:
the front-end module/bumper is composed of at least one of a polycarbonate-polybutylene terephthalate (PC-PBT) material mixture or a polypropylene-ethylene-propylene-dien-monomer (PP-EPDM) material mixture;
the front-end module/bumper has a total thickness of between about 2.2 and about 3.8 mm; and
attenuation of the radar transmitting/receiving signal ranges from about 0.4 to about 2 dB in a transmitting frequency range of about 76 to about 78 GHz.
15. A heating element for an inside surface of a front-end module/bumper for a motor vehicle, the heating element being operatively connected to a radar transmitting/receiving unit, the heating element comprising:
a heating film formed of a polymer;
an array of conductor strips integrated into the heating film, the array of conductor strips being divided into an inner region through which a radar beam from the radar transmitting/receiving unit is transmitted, and an outer region through which the radar beam is not transmitted; and
an electronic control element that controls the conductor strips;
wherein the conductor strips in the inner region are inclined by angles of about 45° to about 90° relative to a polarization plane of the radar beam, and the conductor strips in the outer region are arranged in a meandering pattern.
16. The heating element of claim 15 , wherein the electronic control element is at least one of a PTC element or a NTC element.
17. The heating element of claim 15 , wherein the conductor strips in the outer region are adapted and configured to provide greater heating output than the conductor strips in the inner region.
18. The heating element of claim 15 , wherein the array of conductor strips comprises at least two redundant layers of conductor strips.
19. The heating element of claim 15 , further comprising a covering film of at least one of a foamed polyethylene or polypropylene deposited on the heating film.
20. The heating element of claim 19 , further comprising a a heat-reflecting coating deposited on an inside surface of the covering film, wherein the inside surface faces the conductor strips.